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POD Exam 4 > Santanam > Flashcards

Santanam Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Arachidonic acid is cleaved from membrane phospholipid by what

A

PLA2

PLC - specifically cleaves phosphatidylinositides, also requires Diglyceride lipase to get to AA

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2
Q

what are eicosanoids

A

oxygenated products of polyUNsaturated FAs

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3
Q

What affects the function of eicosanoids

A

nature of the precursor fatty acids

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4
Q

TXA2 vs TXA3

A

TXA2 - vasoconstrictor

TXA3 - inactive

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5
Q

What is prostaglandin synthetase

A

Enzyme complex of:

  • COX
  • Peroxidase
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6
Q

Which COX is constitutive? Inducible?

A

COX-1 : Constitutive

COX-2 : Inducible

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7
Q

Where do you find COX-1

A

BV, stomach, kidney

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8
Q

What is COX-2 involved with?

A

Inflammation

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9
Q

What causes elevation of COX-2

A

Inflammation and cytokines

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10
Q

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on COX-2?

A

Decreased COX-2 activity

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11
Q

Mechanism of Action: Prostaglandins

A
  1. Acts locally: paracrine, autocrine - short half life

2. Interacting with a receptor (GPCRs) ***

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12
Q

What happens after Prostaglandins bind receptor?

A

Inc or dec of adenylate cyclase

stimulation of phosphatidylinositol

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13
Q

Where is the major effect of prostaglandins seen? name the four types/areas

A

Smooth muscle: vascular, GI, airway, and reproductive

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14
Q

Which enzyme is involved with the linear pathway

A

Lipoxygenase

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15
Q

Which enzyme is involved with the cyclic pathway

A

PGH synthetase

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16
Q

In the COX pathway, what is the resulting product of action of COX on AA?

A

Unstable endoperoxide (PGG2)

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17
Q

What is the action of peroxidase in COX pathway?

A

C15 hydroperoxide (PGG2) –> C15 hydroxyl group (PGH2)

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18
Q

What are the four products of COX pathway? what is the intermediate for all four?

A
  • TXA2
  • PGI2
  • PGE2
  • PGF2a

Intermediate: PGH2 with hydroxyl group

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19
Q

Where is COX-2 constitutively expressed?

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A

Brain and kidney

20
Q

What does COX-1 protect against? how?

Study These Flashcards
A

HCl via increase in stomach mucus

21
Q

What is a common side effect of COX-1 inhibition?

Study These Flashcards
A

GI ulcers

dec stomach mucus, more susceptible to damage due to HCl in stomach

22
Q

Effect of prostacyclin on:

Vascular:
Airway:
GI:
Reproductive:
Pain:
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vasodilator and Inhibit platelet aggregation
  • Bronchodilator
  • Inhibit gastric acid secretion, increased mucus secretion
  • Relaxes uterine muscle
  • Induces pain
23
Q

Effect of Prostaglandin on:

Vascular:
Airway:
GI:
Reproductive:
Pain:
Study These Flashcards
A

Vascular, Airway, GI, pain: same as prostacyclin

CONTRACTS uterine smooth muscle - low conc
relaxes in high conc

24
Q

What is the effect of prostaglandins on fever?

Study These Flashcards
A

Direct pyrogen in hypothalamus

25
What cytokine stimulates PGE2?
IL-1
26
Effect of Thromboxane on: Vascular: Airway: Reproductive:
- Vasoconstrictor and stimulates Platelet aggregation - Bronchoconstrictor - Uterine contraction
27
What is major product of platelet COX-1? COX-2?
Thromboxane Prostacyclin
28
Effect of Prostaglandin F2a on: Vascular: Airway: Reproductive:
- Vasoconstrictor - Bronchoconstrictor - Contracts uterine muscle
29
What effect does PGF2a have on the eye?
Decreases intraocular pressure
30
What is PGF2a used to treat? What is defective in this disease?
Glaucoma | loss of COX-2
31
What keeps DA open in fetus?
PGE2/1 and PGI2
32
What happens to DA after birth?
Closes because of decreased PGE2/1, PGI2
33
What is used to keep DA open in cyanotic heart disease?
Alprostadil via IV infusion
34
What is used to close DA?
Indomethacin
35
What specific enzyme is used in the lipoxygenase pathway?
5-lipoxygenase
36
What is the intermediate in LOX pathway?
5-HETE
37
Name two chemotactic agents for PMN, Eosinophils, monocytes formed in the linear pathway
- 5-HETE | - LTB4
38
What does LTE4 (LTC4, LTD4) do?
Potent bronchoconstrictor Inc vascular permeability Components of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis
39
What are LTE4, LTC4, LTD4 known as
Cysteinyl leukotrienes
40
What is the side group on 5-HETE and what is it converted to by ______ to LTA4?
5-hydroperoxide to 5,6-epoxide by Dehydrase
41
What enzyme converts LTA4 to Cysteinyl leukotrienes
Glutathione-S-transferase
42
What enzyme converts LTA4 to LTB4?
Hydrolase
43
What is the LOX pathway associated with?
Asthma, anaphylactic shock, CVD
44
Which leukotriene produces hyperalgesia
LTB4
45
Which leukotrienes are chemoattractants for eosinophils?
Cysteinyl leukotrienes
46
What is FLAP?
5-LOX activated protein
47
Which receptor does Zafirlukast, Montelukast antagonize?
Cys-LT1 (LTD4)

POD Exam 4 (3 decks)

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