sap lab exam 2

Question 1

What does a low FEV1/FVC ratio indicate?

Answer 1

Obstructive & restrictive lung disease

Question 2

Describe what condition an individual with a low FEV1/FVC ratio may have obstructive lung disease and why.

Answer 2

Because of a slower rate of expiration due to increased airway resistance.

Question 3

Seminal vesicles

Answer 3

assists with semen coagulation

Question 4

Bulbourethral gland

Answer 4

neutralises acidic urine in the urethra

Question 5

Prostate gland

Answer 5

provides a substrate for energy production

Question 6

Leydig cells

Answer 6

produce testosterone

Question 7

Diploid cells

Answer 7

2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent cell

Question 8

Haploid cellls

Answer 8

Gametes, contains 1 set of chromosomes

Question 9

Sertoli cells

Answer 9

nourish developing sperm

Question 10

Corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum

Answer 10

contains erectile tissue

Question 11

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 11

produce sperm

Question 12

Epididymis

Answer 12

stores and matures sperm

Question 13

Ejaculatory duct

Answer 13

carry sperm to the uretha

Question 14

Ovaries

Answer 14

produce oocytes and hormones

Question 15

Cervix

Answer 15

Acts as a passageway where sperm can travel to reach eggs and potentially lead to fertilisation

Question 16

Uterine tubes

Answer 16

Transport the oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus

Question 17

Fimbrae

Answer 17

Sweep the oocyte into the uterine tube

Question 18

Uterus

Answer 18

Implantation and nourishment of the fertilized ovum

Question 19

Vagina

Answer 19

Provides a passageway for childbirth

Question 20

Labia majora

Answer 20

Cover and protect the structures of the vulva

Question 21

Clitoris

Answer 21

Plays a role in female sexual pleasure

Question 22

What happens in the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?

Answer 22

Declining levels of oestrogen and progesterone causes the uterus to shed the endometrium and expel it through the cervix and out the vagina.

Question 23

What happens in the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

Answer 23

The endometrium thickens as a result of an increase in oestrogen.

Question 24

What happens in the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

Answer 24

Increase in progesterone causes maturation of endometrium to nourish fertilised egg.

Question 25

What happens in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle? ~14 days

Answer 25

Growth and maturation of ovarian follicles as a result of oestrogen falling and luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone rising.

Question 26

What happens during ovulation? ~1 day

Answer 26

A large surge in LH and a smaller surge of FSH causes the growing follicle to push through the wall of the ovary, and release its egg into the abdominal cavity.

Question 27

What happens during the luteal phase in the ovarian cycle? ~14 days

Answer 27

The follicle ruptures and forms the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and oestrogen to assist in the development of the endometrium in case of implantation.

Question 28

Define external respiration

Answer 28

Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries across the respiratory membrane

Question 29

Define internal respiration

Answer 29

Exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells

Question 30

Define pulmonary ventilation

Answer 30

The exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs