saQ

Question 1

define epilepsy

Answer 1

transient episode of intermittent abnormal electrical activity within the brain

Question 2

what would a lumbar puncture show for SAH

Answer 2

XANTHROCHROMIA - biliribun- breakdown of rbc

Question 3

what is kernigs sign and what does it demonstrate

Answer 3

extension of the knee with a flexed hip causes pain

shows meningeal irritation

Question 4

how will a subdural haematoma present on ct

Answer 4

cresent shaped

Question 5

is a SAH an arterial or venous haemorrhage

Answer 5

arterial

Question 6

what should you co prescribe with levodopa

Answer 6

DDCI - decarboxylase dopamine

carbidopa

Question 7

mc bacterial causes of meningitis in adults

Answer 7

mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 8

mc bacterial cause of meningitis in 0-3 months

Answer 8

group b strep

Question 9

in first episode psychosis what psychological tx should be considered

Answer 9

cbt
hearing voices group
psychoeducation

Question 10

risk factors for IUGR

Answer 10

smoking
pre eclampsia
prior htn
multiple pregnancy

Question 11

pharmacological tx for IUGR and why

Answer 11

• steroids to support lung function as there is not enough surfactant if early delivery is needed

mag sulphate for neuroprotetin

Question 12

csf lumbar puncture findings for guillan barre

Answer 12

normal wcc, normal glucose raised protein

Question 13

histopathology for Parkinsons

Answer 13

presence of lewy bodies
loss of dopaminergic neurons in SNPC

Question 14

risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 14

tamoxifen

Question 15

WHAT type of tumor is associated with enomdetrial hyperplasia

Answer 15

granulose cell tumors

Question 16

chocolate cysts are also known as?

Answer 16

endometriotic cyst

Question 17

most common type of ovarian cancer

Answer 17

serous carcinoma

Question 18

how do you diagnose postural htn

Answer 18

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg (at least 30 mmHg in patients with hypertension) and/or a fall in diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing

Question 19

causes of postural htn

Answer 19

drugs - alpha blockers tamsulosin
parkinsons
lewy body dementia

Question 20

treatment for postural htn

Answer 20

high salt diet
compression stockings
fludrocrotisone 2nd line

Question 21

what tool can be used to differentiate dementia vs delirium

Answer 21

CAM
confusion assesment methoid

Question 22

medications that can cause incontinence and urinary retention

Answer 22

incontinence - alpha blockers and diuretics
retention - anticholinergics , donepzil

Question 23

CI to thrombolysis

Answer 23

pregnancy
under 18 or over 80
recent lumbar punctue
suspected sah
major surgery within 14 days

Question 24

se of bisphosphonates

Answer 24

abdo pain
dyspepsia
abdo distension

Question 25

what is the purpose of prenatal screening

Answer 25

risk of trisomy chromosomal abnormalities

Question 26

main components of combined first trimester pregnancy screening

Answer 26

ultrasound of nuchal translucency serum free hcg PAPPA

Question 27

how is nuchal translucency measured

Answer 27

Nuchal translucency is measured via ultrasound and refers to the fluid-filled space at the back of the fetal neck (1) * An increased nuchal translucency measurement is associated with a higher risk of Down syndrome

Question 28

if combined test suggest high risk downs what are the next steps

Answer 28

amniocentesis or chorionic villus testing

Question 29

young male with early signs of puberty may indicate ?

Answer 29

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 30

pathophysiology of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 30

21 alpha hydroxylate excessive androgen

Question 31

3 key features of CAH

Answer 31

ambitious genitalia early onset puberty large genitals genital hair

Question 32

2 management options for cah

Answer 32

steroid replacement surgical genital fixation

Question 33

first line for Heart failure

Answer 33

BB and aCEi

Question 34

characteristics of left sided HF

Answer 34

pink frothy sputum third heart sound bilateral putting oedema bi basal crackles

Question 35

signs of aortic stenosis

Answer 35

splitting of second heart sound ejection systolic murmur

Question 36

signs of right sided heart failure

Answer 36

hepatomegaly raised JVP ankle oedema

Question 37

first line test for suspected heart failure

Answer 37

pro bnp

Question 38

in what patients are nitrites contraindicated

Answer 38

patients with hypotension

Question 39

causes of falls

Answer 39

orthostatic htn anaemia structural heart defects epilepsy bppv

Question 40

aki and hyperkalaemia post fall would indicate

Answer 40

rhabdomylysis

Question 41

two types of psoriasis

Answer 41

pustular facial

Question 42

features of diabetic foor ulcer

Answer 42

absent/ reduced monifilament sensation charcot foot

Question 43

most common presentation of varicocele

Answer 43

asymptomatic painless scortal swelling

Question 44

cerebral palsy risk factors

Answer 44

birth complications- asphyxia maternal infection prematurity maternal thyroid

Question 45

diagnosis for type 1 diabetes

Answer 45

random glucose 11.1 + fasting 7+ 2hr glucose 11.1 hba1c- 48+ 6.5%