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sba Flashcards

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1
Q

abnormalities seen in bloods for DKA

A

Hyperglycaemia
acidosis
ketoneaemia
mildly raised creatinine

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2
Q

fluid bolus treatment for child in dka

A

IV fluids ( 0.9% Nacl 10ml/kg) + SC insulin 0.1units per hour

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3
Q

common identified complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

chronic anterior uveitis

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4
Q

what would you expect to see in juvenile myoclonus epilepsy

A

jerking for up to 2hrs after waking

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5
Q

how does bacterial meningitis appear in csf

A

turbid appearance , raised polymorphs, raised protein and low glucose

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6
Q

how does fragile x present

A

large testicles
large face
large everted ears
prominent mandible

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7
Q

what medications are associated with delirium in the elderly

A

furosemide
oxybutinin
propranolol
rantidine

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8
Q

initial blood monitoring scheudule for clozapine ?

A

every week for 18 weeks

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9
Q

what is crown rump length and significance

A

measurement from top of head to bottom of buttocks

7mm or more indicates viable pregnancy

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10
Q

causes for oligohydramnios

A

anything that will cause reduced urine flow / output or rupture of membranes

  • pre eclampsia
    -renal agenesis
    -chromosaomal abnormality
    -placental insufficiency
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11
Q

most common type of vaginal cancer

A

metastatic - secondary vaginal cancer

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12
Q

a surge in which hormone causes ovulation

A

LH

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13
Q

MOST common cause of polyhydramnios

A

idiopathic

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14
Q

what is part of confusion screen

A

Chest x ray
crp
fbc
urinalysis

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15
Q

first line for MND

A

RILUZOLE

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16
Q

what is associated with a third nerve palsy

A

down and out
pain if due to pica
diplodopia
ptosis
mydriasis

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17
Q

first line for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamezapine

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18
Q

what does double sickening suggest ?

A

bacterial sinusitis
initial illness then recovery then repeatedly worse sx

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19
Q

Parkinsons with associated autonomic dysfunction ie incontinence or ED would suggest

A

multiple system atrophy

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20
Q

chorea management in huntingtons

A

tetrabenazine

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21
Q

criteria for dka

A

Glucose >11 mmol/L or known diabetes mellitus
pH <7.3 nmol/L
Bicarbonate <15 mmol/L
Blood ketones >3 mmol/L or urine ketones 2+ on dipstick

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22
Q

what dm medication can cause fluid overload

A

pioglitazone do not give to patient with heart failure

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23
Q

what are the common features of enoch schonlein purpura

A

abdominal pain
arthralgia
fever
glomerulonephritis
Rash on arms legs and buttocks, abdomen is spared

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24
Q

how does ranitidine work

A

h2 receptor antagonist

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25
what is a port wine stain caused by
naevus inflammus vascular malformation of the capillaries in the dermis
26
what is strawberry nevus and when does it appear
first month of life cavernous haemangimoma
27
first line tx for faecal impaction
macrogol laxative
28
surgical procedure for hirschprungs
Swenson procedure
29
what murmur is heard in ventricular septal defects
pan systolic murmur heard loudest at lower let sternal border
30
first line mx for BPD
dialectical behavior therapy
31
baseline rate for CTG
110-160 Brady below 160 tachy above 160
32
fetal heart rate should vary between
5-25p=bpm
33
what is fatal hydrops fetalis
accumulation of fluid or oedema in at least two fetal compartments
34
first line for induction of labour
vaginal pge
35
first line mx to control seizure in pre exlampsia
mag sulphate if unsuccessful then diazepam
36
what is leiyoma
fibroid
37
how long can you detain in section 5(4)
6hours
38
features of wernickes Korsakoff syndrome
ataxia anterograde memory loss confabulation ophthalmoplegia
39
what repeat is in huntingtons
cag
40
most common cause of convergent squitn
glaucoma
41
what is QRISK3 AND CHADVASC2 for
qrisk3- heart attack or stroke within 10yrs chadvasc2- stroke risk with af
42
genital wart treatment
topical podophylum
43
first line tx for PID
STAT ceftriaxone then 14 days metronidazole and doxycycline
44
genital wart treatment
SOLITARY - cryotherapy multiple - topical podopylum
45
first line tx for premature ejac
ssri paroxetine 2nd- lidocaine anaesthetic for penile head to reduce sensation
46
investigations and questions for premature ejac
past relationship history, pmh,control over ejaculation, latency time,
47
features of ovarian tumors
amennorhea hirsutism due to testosterone secretion rupture of haemorrhage thyrotoxicosius
48
what is haematocopolpos
A haematocolpos is the accumulation of blood in the vagina. It usually presents as increasing abdominal distention and monthly discomfort without bleeding. It is usually due to an imperforate hymen.
49
acute and prophylactic tx for migraine
acute- sumatriptan px- topiramate or propanolol
50
precocious puberty in females is at what age
8
51
diagnosis of choice for infantile colic
EEG to look for west syndrome
52
spastic cerebral palsy is caused by damage to what
upper motor neurons in the periventricular white matter
53
dyskinetic cerebral palsy is caused by damage to what
basal ganglia and substantia nigra
54
what metabolic abnormality does pyloric stenosis cause
hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis due to persistent vomiting
55
most common cause of meconium aspiration syndrome
post term delivery
56
poor prognostic factors for ALL
age < 2 years or > 10 years WBC > 20 * 109/l at diagnosis T or B cell surface markers non-Caucasian male sex
57
WHAT blood condition is linked to ALL
disseminated intravascular coagulation
58
reasons neonate specialist would be called in `
respiratory rate above 60 per minute the presence of grunting heart rate below 100 or above 160 beats/minute capillary refill time above 3 seconds temperature of 38°C or above, or 37.5°C on 2 occasions 30 minutes apart oxygen saturation below 95% presence of central cyanosis
59
management for necrotising entereocolitis
broad spec abx
60
common side effects of topical corticosteroids
acne striae telengiectasia thinning of skin
61
most common presentation of varicocele
asymptomatic painless scortal swelling
62
cerebral palsy risk factors
birth complications- asphyxia maternal infection prematurity maternal thyroid
63
diagnosis for type 1 diabetes
random glucose 11.1 + fasting 7+ 2hr glucose 11.1 hba1c- 48+ 6.5%
64
most common cause of scarlet fever
strep pyogenes treat with 10 days phenopxymethylpenicillin
65
4 factors of delirium
Acute onset and fluctuating course (2) Inattention (3) Disorganised thinking (4) Alteration in consciousness
66
what abx is given to women in PROM
PO ERYTHROMYCIN
67
how to tell between cauda equina vs malignant compression
malignant compressions is metastatic tumor spread into the spina column
68
man with a background of prostate cancer presents to the emergency department with new onset severe back pain, leg weakness and perineal numbness ?
malignant compression - treat with high dose dexamethasone
69
earliest symptom of NMCP and late ?
back pain worse lying down late -urinary intontinence
70
features of cauda equina
bilateral sciatica urinary dysfunction reduced sensation/pins-and-needles in the perianal area reduced anal tonw
71
directions for taking alendronic acid?
take 30 mins before food with plenty of water and stay sitting/ standing for 30 mins
72
first and second line for gout
1- allopurinol 2- febuxostat
73
LFT pattern for alcoholic liver disease
increase in ast +alt with ast/alt ratio 2:1
74
what type of hallucination is most suggestive of delirium tremens
lilliputan- when they see small people
75
what is panhypopituarism
deficiency of all thyroid hormones
76
presentation of amaurossi fugax
ipsilateral , curtain coming down , vision loss
77
pioglitlazone is CI in what patients
heart failure bladder cancer
78
good measure to differentiate type 1 and type2 dm with non specific symptoms
ANTI GAD
79
when is metformin contraindicated
Diabetic ketoacidosis. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2. Risk of acute kidney injury, such as dehydration, prolonged fasting, severe infection, or shock.
80
typical presentation of posterior cerebral artery stroke
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing Visual agnosia
81
water deprivation test results for diabetes insipidus?
high serum osmolality, low urine osmolality post-water deprivation and failure to respond to desmopressin
82
common preciptating factor for diabetes insipidus
lithium - causes desensitation of the kidneys to ADH
83
WHAT is cranial diabetes
body is unable to produce sufficient amounts of vasopressin a.k.a antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
84
WHAT is nephoregenic diabetes
kidneys inability to respond to vasopressin.
85
management for cranial and nephrogenic diabetes I
Cranial - vasopressin nephrogenic- chlorothiazide
86
important screening for downs in children who do sports
atlantoaxial instability - increased risk of neck dislocation
87
pneumonia with mycoplasma what abx would you give
erythromycin
88
most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children
strep pneumonia
89
what type of inheritance is prader willi
imprinting- did not receive gene from father
90
alternative to metronidazole for BV
topical clindamycin
91
motile trophozites?
tv
92
flagellated protozoa ?
bv
93
what cardiac medication can worsen myasthenia gravis
beta blocker
94
diagnosis for myasthenia
antibody screen for ach receptors
95
what is miller fischer syndrome
subtype of guillan barre ataxia, areflexia, opthalmoplegia
96
lichen sclerosis presentation
tight white ring around penis head
97
investigations for erythema nodosum
serum ACE, sputum culture, chest x ray
98
treatment for lichen sclerosis
topical clobetasol propionate
99
what is ezxcema herpeticum
atopic exzema that progresses into severe due to infection with coxackie needs IV anti viral urgent hospital admission
100

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