SAQ book QS idk Flashcards by L P

CX of hypoglycaemia in non diabetics

L iver failure, A ddison’s, insulin-secreting tum ours, alcohol
binging, pituitary insufficiency.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SOAP RAIN MD mneumonic?

Serositis – Pleurisy, pericarditis
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood disorders
Renal involvement
Antinuclear antibodies
Immunologic phenomena
Neurologic disorder
Malar rash
Discoid rash

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

As of Ank spond?

Aortic regurg, Ant uveitis, Amyloid, apical fibrosis, achilles tendonopathy,

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

OE acromegaly signs

T h ic k spade-like hands, frontal bossing, m acroglossia, bitem poral
hem ianopia, headache, sweats, w ide-spaced teeth, prognathism ,
voice changes, sleep disturbance due to obstructive sleep apnoea,
carpal tunnel syndrom e, increased blood pressure.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

complications of DM2?

M acrovascular: cerebrovascular disease/stroke, m yocardial
infarction/ischaem ic h eart disease, peripheral vascular disease.
M icrovascular: nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

IX for hypercalcaemia

PTH, ALP, albumin, vit D, urine PO4, PO4,
images: DEXA scan, isotope scan, ultrasound, abdominal X-ray, CT/MRI
neck.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SX of hypercalcaemia

Polydipsia, polyuria, signs of dehydration, weakness, depression,
constipation, signs of renal stones, signs of pancreatitis, bone pain.
reduced QT interval, arrhtythmias

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DM2: what would u find on feet?

Charcot’s joint/neuropathic arthropathy/joint deformity; painless
ulcer; high arched foot with clawing of the toes; diminished
reflexes
sensation: vibration lost first, glove and stocking

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

other types of diabetic neuropathy

vomiting CX?

peripheral
Autonomic neuropathy; diabetic amyotrophy; mononeuropathy/
mononeuritis multiplex; acute painful neuropathy.
Autonomic gastroparesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Causes of splenomegaly?

Malaria, myelofibrosis, lymphoma, liver cirrhosis with portal
hypertension, haemolytic anaemia, mononucleosis, amyloidosis
leukaemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WCC in chronic leukaemia?

high

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bone marrow failrue features on FBC?

Leucopenia/neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WHat is the definition of a massive transfusion?

T ransfusion o f th e entire p atien t’s blood v o lu m e/10 units o f blood
(1) w ithin 24 hours.
risks :hypocalcaemia, hypothermia, hyperkalaem a and a dilutional effect on the other com ponents
o f blood, causing a throm bocytopenia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

O/E signs of B major?

Hepatosplenomegaly, frontal bossing, jaw enlargement, dental
malocclusion, flow murmur, generalised pallor, conjunctival pallor,
tachycardia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is chelation therapy?

desferrioxamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extr-GI features of crohns?

erythema nodosum, polyarthritis, anterior uveitis and pyoderma
gangrenosum., fistulas, gallstones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Endoscopy of crohns?

histology?

endoscopy: skip lesions and
histology:Presence o f granulom a form ation, transm ural inflam m ation,
lym phocytic infiltration.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DD for chronic diarrhea in 25 YO?

Inflam m atory bow el disease, irritable bow el disease, infective
diarrhoea (protozoa/parasites m o re likely at 3 m onths), coeliac
disease, colorectal carcinom a, m edications, chronic pancreatitis,
thyrotoxicosis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

investigations for chronic diarrhea/ crohsn?

Study These Flashcards

• full blood co u n t m ay reveal anaem ia and a raised w hite cell
count
• C R P m ay be raised
• album in m ay be decreased
• vitam in B 12 deficiency
• stool M C & S
• coeliac screen
• amylase
• T F T
Invasive tests:
• sigm oidoscopy + rectal biopsy
• colonoscopy
• barium enem a (m ay show cobblestoning, strictures and ulcers,
b u t unable to biopsy)
• capsule endoscopy (for small bow el disease)

Small bowel enema - crohns?

Study These Flashcards

strictures: kantor’s string sign, proximal bowel dialtion, fistulae,

risks of crohns disease?

Study These Flashcards

Perianal abscess and fistulae, enteric fistulae, perforated bowel,
small-bowel obstruction, colonic carcinoma, malnutrition.

PBC or PSC? - associated with sojrens, RA, hypothyroid, systemic sclerosis?

Study These Flashcards

PBC

which PBC/PSC is associated with raised AMA, ANA, ESR and IGM?

Study These Flashcards

PBC

RF for carpal tunnel?

Study These Flashcards

Pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptive pill, obesity, trauma,
diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis,
acromegaly, amyloidosis, dialysis, repetitive activities, local
compression (e.g. lipoma, ganglion).

medication that much be started with levodopa?

Peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor, as it reduces peripheral breakdown, leading to a decreased dose of levodopa required for symptom control and therefore a reduced risk of side effects. (

SE of levodopa?

On-off fluctuations, dyskinesias, weaning off phenomenon

CX of Space occupying lesion?

Neoplasm, haematoma, abscess, granuloma, aneurysm

Eczema child distribution?

scalp, neck, flexor and extensor | surfaces

eczema tX apart from emollients and CS?

Sedating antihistam ines, paste bandaging, phototherapy, oral steroids, azathioprine, ciclosporin

O/E eczema?

Sym m etrical flexural. (1) 2. A llergic rhinitis, asthm a, food allergy. (1 mark for each, max 2 marks) 3. E rythem atous, scaly, excoriations, lichenification, crust and w eeping if infected.

What is Nikolskey ssign

Separation o f skin layers (extension o f blisters) w hen skin is rubbed

DM eye problems? | pre-proliferative problems? O/E

C ataract, glaucom a, vitreous haem orrhage, retinal detachm ent, ocular m o to r nerve palsies, infection. maculpathy: central vision loss pre-proliferative: cotton wool spots and flame-shaped haemorrhages, which mark the presence of ischaemia at the retina proliferative:new vessels at or around the optic disc.

findings on the retina that are characteristic of severe | hypertensive retinopathy

Arteriolar constriction (silver/copper wiring), arteries nipping veins where they cross (AV nipping), cotton wool spots or exudates, flame-shaped haemorrhages, papillloedema.

blood pressure of 238/122 mmHg, but is complaining of blurred vision and palpitations. On fundoscopy, you notice an absence of venous pulsation, blurring of the disc margins and also a slight elevation of the disc bilaterally - what is this?

Papilloedema | endo cause: phaechromocytoma

DD for appendicitis?

ectopic pregnancy, to rsio n /ru p tu re o f ovarian cyst, salpingitis, U T I, renal stone, testicular torsion, G I obstruction, constipation, strangulated hernia, C ro h n ’s disease, gastroenteritis, m esenteric adenitis, M eckel’s diverticulum and intussusception.

complications of appendicitis

P erforation, appendix mass (om entum and small bow el adhere to appendix), abscess, sepsis, paralytic ileus, intestinal obstruction.

acute diverticular disease IX?

FBC, CRP, blood cultures, CXR, AXR, C T scan, USS. (2) (NB: barium enemas/endoscopy should be avoided in the acute phase due to the risk of perforation.)

complications of diverticular disease?

Perforation, bleeding, abscess, strictures, fistulas

complications of hernia removals?

R ecurrence, w ound site infection, m esh infection, hydrocoele, intestinal dam age, bladder dam age, sperm atic cord dam age, testicular infarction secondary to blood vessel dam age.

complications of hemorrhoids | and SX?

U lceration, stricture, throm bosis, infection, anaem ia, skin tags sx:Anal itching, m ucous, rectal fullness, pain, soiling, PR bleed

findings on IX in mesenteric ischaemia?

M etabolic acidosis. (1) 3. Raised W C C , raised lactate, raised H b (due to haem oconcentration), raised amylase. supply: F o reg u t - celiac trunk; m id g u t - superior m esenteric artery; h in d g u t - inferior m esenteric artery

pancreatitis early complications: | and late:

earlu: Shock, A R D S, sepsis, D IC , renal failure. late:Pancreatic pseudocyst, pancreatic necrosis, abscess, throm bosis o f splenic/duodenal arteries, chronic pancreatitis.

CX of parkinsons?

Drug-induced Parkinsonism (e.g. antipsychotics), Lewy body dementia, Shy-Drager syndrome, multiple system atrophy, vascular disease

Action of carbidopa?

They are peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors, preventing L-dopa from being broken down outside the CNS

LFT in prostate cancer?

ALP raised

describe The Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP)?

pathway addresses the most distressing symptoms patients may develop in the last stages of life, and offers guidance on how they should be managed Pain (morphine), agitation (midazolam), nausea (cyclizine), respiratory tract secretions (hyoscine butylbromide/ hydrobromide), dyspnoea (morphine)

SAQ book QS idk Flashcards

(46 cards)