Sarcopenia

Question 1

What is Sarcopenia

Answer 1

The loss od skeletal muscle mass and strength with ageing

Question 2

What are the 3 main causes of muscle loss?

Answer 2

> Reduced number of stem cells
Failure to respond to stress
Poor regenerative potential

Question 3

What molecules are responsible for reducing and increasing muscle mass?

Answer 3

Myostatin reduces muscle
IGF increases muscle

Question 4

What do you need to maintain muscle mass

Answer 4

Mitochondrial biogenesis

Question 5

Name as many causes of Sarcopenia (there are 8)

Answer 5

1. Sub-optimal nutrition alabsorption
2. Age-related(apoptosis, sex hormones, mitochndrial dysfunction)
3. Disuse
4. Cachexia
5. Reduced Satellite cell activity
6. Satellite cell depletion
7. Endocrine (IGF-1, abnormal thyroid function, insulin resistance)
8. Neuro-degenerative disease- motor neuron loss

Question 6

What does catabolic and anabolic mean simple terms?

Answer 6

Catabolic- breaking down
anabolic-making up

Question 7

Fast twitch- light colour
slow twitch- dark colour
Long distance have more of what…..
Sprinters have more of what….

Answer 7

Long distance- slow twitch
sprinters- fast twitch

Question 8

Exercise inhibits inflammatory cytokine production, why does no exercise cause reduction of muscle?

Answer 8

Inflammatory cytokines decrease muscle via protein degredation.

Question 9

What does PERK do?

Answer 9

It inhibits differentiation in muscles, tries to replicate the cell