SAS#2 Flashcards by MIKA ELA EISMA

a branch of medicine that deals with the care of women during
pregnancy, labor, and the period of recovery following childbirth.

It is derived from the Greek word obstare, which means “to keep watch”

Obstetrics

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is the study of female reproductive organs and diseases
affecting it

Gynecology

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is the study of the male reproductive organs

Andrology

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the branch of medical science concerned in children and their
illness.
It is derived from the Greek word pais meaning “child”.

Pediatrics

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the branch of medicine concerned with the development and
disorders of newborn babies.

Neonatology

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is not just an absence of disease,
dysfunction, or infirmity but a condition of physical,
emotional and psychological well-being.

Sexual Health

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is a body organ that produces the cells
necessary for reproduction (the ovary in females, the
testis in males)

Gonad

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is the stage of life at which
secondary sex changes begin

Puberty

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Responsible for muscular development, physical growth, and
the increase in sebaceous gland secretions that cause typical acne
in both boys and girls during adolescence.

Androgens:

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Initiates adrenarche

ANDROGEN

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pubertal changes in testes, scrotum, penis,
prostate, and seminal vesicles; the appearance of male pubic,
axillary, and facial hair; laryngeal enlargement with its
accompanying voice change; and maturation of spermatozoa

adrenarche

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Androgens are produced by the __________ in
males.

adrenal gland
Testes

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Androgens are produced by the __________ in
females.

adrenal gland and the ovaries

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Estrogen:
Release is triggered by

FSH - FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE

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Influences the development of uterus,
fallopian tubes, and vagina; typical fat
distribution; hair patterns; and breast
development.

Estrogen:

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the beginning of breast
development; which usually starts 1 to 2
years before menstruation.

Thelarche

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the beginning of menstruation

Menarche

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the beginning of menstruation
Onset:
Average:

8-17 YEARS
12.4

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Male external structure

TESTES
PENIS

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Male internal structure

EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
SEMINAL VESICLES
EJACULATORY DUCTS
PROSTATE GLAND
URETHRA
BULBOURETHRAL GLAND

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is a rugated, skin-covered, muscular
pouch suspended from the perineum.

Scrotum

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supports the testes and helps regulate the
temperature of the sperm.
? In very cold weather, the scrotal muscle contracts to
bring the testes closer to the body.
? In very hot weather, or in the presence of fever, the
muscle relaxes, allowing the testes to fall away from
the body.

SCROTUM

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are two ovoid glands, 2 to
3 cm wide, that rest in the scrotum

Testes

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are interstitial cells
located in each of the lobule of
testes RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF
TESTOSTERONE

Leydig cells

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PRODUCES SPERMATOZOA

Sertoli cells

Testes in a fetus first form in the

pelvic cavity

Many preterm babies still have undescended testes, or testes still remain in the pelvic cavity

(cryptorchidism).

is RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RELEASE OF TESTOSTERONE from the leydig cells.

Luteinizing hormone

is responsible for the release of androgen-binding protein (ABP) that combines with testosterone to promote sperm formation.

Follicle-stimulating hormone

is a bulging, sensitive ridge of tissue at the distal end of the penis.

GLANS PENIS

a retractable casing of skin that protects the glans penis. This is surgically removed during circumcision. Also known as “foreskin”.

Prepuce

a tightly coiled tube responsible for conducting sperm from the tubule to the vas deferens.

Epididymis

It is the storage of immature sperm, and a part of the alkaline fluid (semen, or seminal fluid that contains a basic sugar and protein) that will surround sperm at maturity is produced by the cells lining the

EPIDIDYMIS

Sperm are immobile and incapable of fertilization as they pass through or are stored at the

epididymis level

Sperm is capable of surviving for____inside the woman’s body.

72 HOURS

absence of sperm

Aspermia

fewer than 20 million sperm per milliliter

Oligospermia

A.k.a the ductus deferens

VAS DEFERENS

is an additional hollow tube surrounded by arteries and protected by a thick fibrous coating, which altogether, are referred to as the

spermatic cord

It carries sperm from the epididymis through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity, where it ends at the seminal vesicles and the ejaculatory ducts below the bladder.

Vas Deferens

are two convoluted pouches that lie along the lower portion of the bladder and empty into the urethra by ejaculatory ducts.

Seminal Vesicle

These glands secrete a viscous alkaline liquid with a high sugar, protein, and prostaglandin content.

Seminal Vesicle

is a chestnut-size gland that lies just below the bladder and allows the urethra to pass through the center of it, like the hole in a doughnut.

Prostate Gland

to secrete a thin, alkaline fluid

Prostate Gland

Bulbourethral Glands (a.k.a

Cowper Glands

They supply one more source of alkaline fluid to help ensure the safe passage of spermatozoa

Bulbourethral Glands

Semen, therefore, is derived from:

A. the prostate gland (60%), b. the seminal vesicles (30%), c. the epididymis (5%), and d. the bulbourethral glands (5%).

lie beside the prostate gland and empty by short ducts into the urethra.

Bulbourethral Glands

is a hollow tube leading from the base of the bladder, which, after passing through the prostate gland, continues to the outside through the shaft and glans of the p

Urethra

refers to the structures that form the female external genitalia.

Vulva or pudenda

to protect the junction of the pubic bone from trauma.

Mons veneris or mons pubis

is a pad of adipose tissue located over the symphysis pubis, the pubic bone joint. ❑ It is covered by a triangle of coarse, curly hairs known as “escutcheon”

Mons veneris or mons pubis

serves as protection for the external genitalia; they shield the outlets to the urethra and vagina. Gapes widen every after birth

LABIA MAJORA

are two folds of tissue, fused anteriorly but separated posteriorly, and are positioned lateral to the labia minora and composed of loose connective tissue covered by epithelium and pubic hair.

Labia majora

are pink in color; the internal surface is covered with mucus membrane, and the external surface is covered with skin. The area is abundant with sebaceous glands.

LABIA MINORA

just posterior to the mons veneris spreading two hairless folds of connective tissue that joins anteriorly to form prepuce and posteriorly to form fourchette.

LABIA MINORA

is a small (approximately 1 to 2 cm), rounded organ of erectile tissue at the forward junction of the labia minora. ? It is covered by a fold of skin, the prepuce; is sensitive to touch and temperature; and it is the center of sexual arousal and orgasm in a woman.

Clitoris

Female Genitalia Mutilation

TYPE 1 CLITORIDECTOMY TYPE 2 EXCISION TYPE 3 INFIBULATION TYPE 4-PRICKING,PIERCING,INCISING, SCRAPING AND CAUTERIING THE GENITAL AREA

refers to the practice of cutting open the sealed vaginal opening

DEINFIBULATION

located on each side of the urinary meatus; their ducts open into the urethra.

Skene glands (paraurethral glands)

are located on each side of the vaginal opening with ducts that open into the proximal vagina near the labia minora and hymen.

Bartholin glands (vulvovaginal glands)

(the most common site) become infected, they swell, feel tender, and produce a serous discharge.

Skene glands or the Bartholin glands

is the ridge of tissue formed by the posterior joining of the labia minora and the labia majora.

FOURCHETTE

This is the structure that sometimes tears (laceration) or is cut (episiotomy) during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening.

FOURCHETTE

posterior to the fourchette, a muscular area that is capable of stretching during childbirth to allow enlargement of the vagina and passage of the fetal head.

Perineum

a tough but elastic semicircle of tissue that covers the opening to the vagina during childhood. - It is often torn during the time of first sexual intercourse.

HYMEN

a girl who has an imperforate hymen that it does not allow for the passage of menstrual blood from the vagina.

Hematocolpometra

SAS#2 Flashcards

(67 cards)