SAS#6

Question 1

(first 2 weeks,
beginning with fertilization)

Answer 1

Pre-embryonic stage

Question 2

(weeks 3 through
8)

Answer 2

Embryonic stage

Question 3

(from week 8 through
birth)

Answer 3

FETAL STAGE

Question 4

from ovulation to fertilization

Answer 4

Ovum

Question 5

from fertilization to implantation

Answer 5

Zygote

Question 6

from implantation to 5-8 weeks

Answer 6

Embryo

Question 7

developing embryo and placental structure
throughout pregnancy

Answer 7

Conceptus

Question 8

the earliest age at which fetuses
survive if they are born is generally accepted as 24
weeks, or at the point a fetus weighs more than
500-600g.

Answer 8

Age of viability

Question 9

is a union of an ovum and a
spermatozoon.

Answer 9

Fertilization

Question 10

Fertilization occurs in

Answer 10

AMPULLA

Question 11

Ovum is capable of
fertilization for

Answer 11

24h (48h at
the most

Question 12

Sperm is functional for

Answer 12

48h
up to 72h.

Question 13

Mature ovum is surrounded
by the

Answer 13

ZONA PELLUCIDA
CORONA RADIATA

Question 14

Normally, an ejaculation of semen
averages

Answer 14

2.5 mL of fluid
containing 50
to 200 million spermatozoa per milliliter,
or an average of 400 million sperm per
ejaculation.

Question 15

is released by the spermatozoa
and dissolves the layer of cells protecting
the ovum.

Answer 15

Hyaluronidase (a proteolytic
enzyme)

Question 16

Immediately after penetration of the ovum,
the chromosomal material of the ovum and
spermatozoon fuse to form a

Answer 16

zygote.

Question 17

The fertilized ovum has 46 chromosomes.

Answer 17

23 CHROMOSOMES: 22 autosomes + 1 sex
chromosome

Question 18

If an X-carrying spermatozoon entered the
ovum, the resulting child will have two X
chromosomes and will be

Answer 18

female (XX)

Question 19

If a Y-carrying spermatozoon entered the
ovum, the resulting child will have an X and a
Y chromosome and will be

Answer 19

male (XY).

Question 20

At the time of ovulation, there is a

Answer 20

reduction in the viscosity (thickness)
Of the women cervical mucus

Question 21

Sperm transport is so efficient close to
ovulation that spermatozoa deposited in
the vagina reach the cervix within

And the outer end of the fallopian tube within fallopian tube within after
deposition.

Answer 21

90
seconds

5 mins

Question 22

Once fertilization is
complete, ___
begins

Answer 22

mitotic cell
division, or cleavage

Question 23

The first
cleavage occurs at
about

Answer 23

24 hours

Question 24

By the time the zygote enters the
uterus, it has become a bumpy,
mulberry-like ball of 12 to 16 cells
called

Answer 24

morula.

Question 25

Stages of blastocyst culture

Answer 25

FERTILIZED EGG 2 CELL STAGE 4 CELL STAGE BLASTOCYST MORULA 8 STAGE CELL

Question 26

At approximately 4 to 5 days, a central fluid-filled cavity soon forms in the morula, converting it to a structure called

Answer 26

BLASTOCYST

Question 27

At approximately 4 to 5 days, a central fluid-filled cavity soon forms in the morula, converting it to a structure called

Answer 27

BLASTOCYST

Question 28

BLASTOCYSTS consisting

Answer 28

TROPHOBLAST CELLS EMBRYOPLAST CELLS BLASTOCYST CAVITY

Question 29

the thin outer layer of cell. They are the part of the structure that will later form the placenta and the membranes.

Answer 29

Trophoblast cells

Question 30

the inner cell mass is the portion of the structure that will form the embryo.

Answer 30

Embryoblast cells

Question 31

the fluid –filled cavity that later forms as the amniotic cavity

Answer 31

Blastocyst cavity

Question 32

contact between the growing structure and the uterine endometrium, occurs approximately 8 to 10 days after fertilization.

Answer 32

Implantation,

Question 33

After the attachment of the zygote, the endometrium is known as the

Answer 33

decidua.

Question 34

Implantation occurs in the _____ of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 34

second (secretory) phase

Question 35

If the point of implantation is low in the cervix, it can cause the placenta to block the cervix as it grows and enlarges, this result in

Answer 35

placenta previa

Question 36

Once implanted, the zygote is called an

Answer 36

embryo.

Question 37

Trophoblastic layer of blastocyst matures rapidly & on the 11th to 12th day, miniature villi or probing fingers called __ reach out into the endometrium.

Answer 37

CHORIONIC VILLI

Question 38

Chorionic villi manufactured

Answer 38

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) that signals the corpus luteum in the ovary to continue manufacturing estrogen and progesterone, preventing menstruation and ovulation.

Question 39

Serves as fetal lungs, kidneys, GIT, a separate endocrine organ throughout the pregnancy.

Answer 39

PLACENTA

Question 40

The placenta is fully functional by the

Answer 40

12th week of pregnancy

Question 41

maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus, providing temporary immunity to some diseases such as

Answer 41

smallpox, diphtheria, and measles.

Question 42

the first placental hormone produced

Answer 42

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 43

HCG can be found in

Answer 43

MATERNAL BLOOD AND URINE

Question 44

known as the “hormone of mothers”, this is because ___ is necessary to maintain the endometrial lining of the uterus during pregnancy

Answer 44

PROGESTERONE

Question 45

is often referred to as the “hormone of women”, because ___ influences a female appearance.

Answer 45

Estrogen

Question 46

is a hormone with both growth-promoting and lactogenic properties

Answer 46

Human placental lactogen (human somatomammotropin)

Question 47

The chorionic villi on the medial surface of the trophoblast (i.e., those that are not involved in implantation because they do not touch the endometrium) gradually thin until they become the ___, the outermost fetal membrane

Answer 47

chorionic membrane (chorion)

Question 48

forms beneath the chorion, not only offers support to amniotic fluid but also actually produces the fluid.

Answer 48

amniotic membrane or amnion

Question 49

Normal amount of amniotic fluid

Answer 49

800 to 1,200 ml

Question 50

If the fetus is unable to swallow _____ are the two most common reasons

Answer 50

esophageal atresia or anencephaly

Question 51

excessive amniotic fluid or______will result (more than 2,000 mL).

Answer 51

hydramnios (polyhydramnios)

Question 52

reduction in the amount of the amniotic fluid (less than 300 mL)

Answer 52

oligohydramnios

Question 53

Amniotic fluid is Urine is

Answer 53

SLIGHTLY ACIDIC (7.2) ACIDIC (5.0/5.5)

Question 54

Is formed from the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) and provides a circulatory pathway that connects the embryo to the chorionic villi of the placenta

Answer 54

umbilical cord

Question 55

The bulk of the cord is a gelatinous mucopolysaccharide called

Answer 55

Wharton jelly

Question 56

An umbilical cord contains

Answer 56

1 VEIN 2 ARTERIES

Question 57

carrying blood from the placental villi to the fetus

Answer 57

1 VEIN

Question 58

carrying blood from the fetus back to the placental villi

Answer 58

2 ARTERIES

Question 59

The nurse should always count the number of vessels in the umbilical cord after the birth of an infant. If only two exist, one artery and one vein, the newborn should be evaluated for

Answer 59

congenital malformations (particularly of kidney and heart)

Question 60

As a fetus grows, body organ systems develop from specific tissue layers called

Answer 60

GERM LAYERS

Question 61

Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) Peripheral nervous system Skin, hair, nails, and tooth enamel Sense organs Mucous membranes of the anus, mouth, and nose Mammary glands

Answer 61

Ectoderm

Question 62

Supporting structures of the body (connective tissue, bones, cartilage, muscle, ligaments, and tendons) Upper portions of the urinary system (kidneys and ureters) Reproductive system Heart, lymph, and circulatory systems and blood cells

Answer 62

Mesoderm

Question 63

Lining of pericardial, pleura, and peritoneal cavities Lining of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, tonsils, parathyroid, thyroid, and thymus gland Lower urinary system (bladder and urethra)

Answer 63

Endoderm

Question 64

A combination of______and_____help propel the ovum along the length of the tube

Answer 64

PERISTALTIC ACTION MOVEMENTS OF THE TUBE CILIA

Question 65

Zona pellucida or

Answer 65

Ring of mucopolysaccharide fluid

Question 66

Corona radiata or

Answer 66

CIRCLE OF CELLS

Question 67

Placenta has the following functions

Answer 67

NUTRITION EXCRETION RESPIRATION IMMUNITY

Question 68

Fetus continually swallows a AF fluid from the

Answer 68

INTESTINE enters the BLOODSTREAM then to the UMBILICAL ARTERIES to the PLACENTA