SAS 2

Question 1

Are solutions of inorganic and organic solutes which are important to maintain internal homeostasis within the body so
the cells and tissues will have constant environment.

Answer 1

Body Fluids

Question 2

Anions (negatively charged) moved toward?

Answer 2

Anode

Question 3

Cations (positively charged) moved toward?

Answer 3

Cathode

Question 4

Physiological electrolytes include?

Answer 4

Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Cl-
HCO3-
HPO4-
H2PO42-
SO42- and some organic anions (e.g. Lactate).

Question 5

Are among the most commonly used laboratory tests by clinicians for assessment of a patient’s clinical condition and
disease state.

Answer 5

Serum Electrolyte
Concentrations

Question 6

This ion belongs in Group IA (Alkali metal / Soluble group) in the periodic table together with Li, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.

Answer 6

Sodium

Question 7

Normal values of sodium.

Answer 7

135-147 mEq/L

Question 8

“Dietary inorganic macro-mineral”

Answer 8

Sodium

Question 9

Can incorporated in blood sample collection tube to avoid blood corpuscle adhering to innerwall and maximum reduction of blood sample haemocytolysis.

Answer 9

Sodium citrate (Na3C6H7O5)

Question 10

Is the most common salt that is use as an electrolyte replenisher.

Answer 10

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Question 10

Normal values of potassium.

Answer 10

(3.5-5.2 mEq/L)

Question 11

Potassium is derived from?

Answer 11

Kalium “the calcined ashes”; which originally meant potash, an alkali extracted in a pot from the ash of burnt wood or tree leaves.

Question 12

Makes glass amber-colored or light resistant.

Answer 12

Potassium

Question 13

Order of diuretic efficiency.

Answer 13

nitrate > chloride > bicarbonate = acetate = citrate

Question 14

Normal values of magnesium.

Answer 14

1.5-2.6 mg/L

Question 15

A group IIA (Alkali Earth metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) ion which came from the origin, magnesia.

Answer 15

Magnesium

Question 16

Second most abundant cation intracellularly.

Answer 16

Magnesium

Question 17

Predominant cation in the extracellular fluid.

Answer 17

Sodium

Question 18

Found abundantly and widely distributed in nature, but always in combination.

Answer 18

Sodium

Question 19

Widely and abundantly distributed in nature.

Answer 19

Magnesium

Question 20

Is one of the most important compound of Magnesium that is use as Saline cathartic, Antidote
for barium and barbiturate poisoning, Anticonvulsant in eclampsia (IM), Depressant in seasickness, HTN, tetanus spasm, and
convulsions (as IV or IM), Used in paroxysmal auricular and ventricular tachycardia (IV).

Answer 20

Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

Question 21

Normal values of calcium.

Answer 21

8.5-10.8 mg/dL

Question 22

Never found free in nature.

Answer 22

Calcium

Question 23

Present inside the cell but most abundant outside the cell.

Answer 23

Calcium

Question 24

Present in bones and teeth as apatite (Ca3(PO4)2).

Answer 24

Calcium

Question 25

Calcium absorption is enhanced with?

Answer 25

Vitamin D

Question 26

Is a components of Ringer’s & Lactated Injection which are used as electrolyte. It is can also decrease blood clotting time.

Answer 26

Calcium chloride (Muriate of Lime)

Question 27

From chloros meaning “greenish-yellow”.

Answer 27

Chlorine

Question 28

Normal values of chlorine.

Answer 28

95-106mEq/L

Question 29

It is a Halogen ( F, Cl, Br, I, At) which also referred as salt forming group.

Answer 29

Chlorine

Question 30

It is the most abundant anion outside the cell.

Answer 30

Chlorine

Question 31

Is the only acid found in the GIT. Achlorhydria is a condition associated to the absence of HCl in the GIT.

Answer 31

Hydrochloric acid (Gastric acid, Muriatic acid)

Question 32

Hydrogen Phosphate chemical formula.

Answer 32

HPO4^-2

Question 33

diHydrogen Phosphate chemical formula.

Answer 33

H2PO4

Question 34

According to Lavoisier, hydrogen means?

Answer 34

Water-former

Question 35

Produced by Cavendish by the action of dilute HCl and H2SO4 and called it?

Answer 35

Inflammable air

Question 36

Recognized by Paracelsus.

Answer 36

Hydrogen

Question 37

Lightest gas and the lightest of all elements.

Answer 37

Hydrogen

Question 38

Antidote for P poisoning.

Answer 38

CuSO4 or blue vitriol

Question 39

Only known supporter of combustion.

Answer 39

Empyreal air (Scheele)

Question 40

Fire air (Scheele). T/F.

Answer 40

T

Question 41

Oxygen does not burn, it only supports combustion.

Answer 41

Dephlogisticated air (Priestley)

Question 42

Once thought as a constituent of all acids.

Answer 42

Acid former (Lavoisier)

Question 43

Used in pathological conditions (e.g. pneumonia, angina, asthma, bronchitis, conditions accompanied by cyanosis and dyspnea).

Answer 43

Pharmaceutical inhalant

Question 44

Used to alleviate difficult respiration.

Answer 44

Component of “artificial air” (20% Oxygen and 80% Helium)

Question 45

Required for burning

Answer 45

For oxidation reactions/combustion

Question 46

Is important and widely distributed in human body. In blood, organic phosphate esters are located primarily within cells and incorporated into nucleic acids, phospholipids, phosphoproteins and high-energy compounds such as adenisone thriphosphate (ATP). Inorganic phosphate is a major components of hydroxyapatite in bone.

Answer 46

Phosphate