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PHA 010 - PHARMACOGNOSY > SAS 2 - CARBOHYDRATES > Flashcards

SAS 2 - CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards

1
Q

IDEALLY HUMANS SHOULD CONSUME _________ OF CARBOHYDRATE BY MASS

A

TWO-THIRDS

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2
Q

WHY IS CARBOHYDRATES CALLED CARBOHYDRATE?

A

DUE TO SAME RATIO OF H AND O IN WATER

CARBO + HYDRATES
(CH20) - MONOSACCHARIDE FORUMLA

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3
Q

D5NSS

DEXTROSE 5% WITH NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION

A

YELLOW

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4
Q

D5LR

5% DEXTROSE WITH LACTATED RINGER

A

PINK

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5
Q

D5NM

5% DEXTROSE WITH NORMOSOL M SOLUTION

A

ORANGE

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6
Q

D5IMB

A

VIOLET

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7
Q

PLAIN LR

A

DARK BLUE

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8
Q

D5 .3 NaCl

A

LIGHT BLUE

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9
Q

D5W

A

RED

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10
Q

PLAIN NSS

A

GREEN

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11
Q

MANNITOL

A

GRAY

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12
Q

A KETOHEXOSE THAT IS PRESENT IN CARBON 2

A

FRUCTOSE

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13
Q

FRUCTOSE ALSO KNOWN AS

A

HONEY, FRUIT SUGAR, SWEET FRUITS

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14
Q

FRUCTOSE IS CONSIDERED ___________ SUGAR

A

REDUCING SUGAR

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15
Q

GALACTOSE IS THE EPIMER OF

A

GLUCOSE

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16
Q

AT WHAT #CARBON IS GALACTOSE AND GLUCOSE EPIMER?

A

4TH CARBON

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17
Q
  • OBTAINED FROM BOILING CORN COBS
  • USED AS A DIAGNOSTIC AID IN INTESTINAL MALABSORPTION
  • A _____ IN URINE CONFIRMS INTESTINAL MALABSORPTION
A

XYLOSE

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18
Q

LACTOSE IS COMPOSED OF

A

1 GLUCOSE, 1 GALACTOSE

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19
Q

SUCROSE IS COMPOSED OF

A

1 GLUCOSE, 1 FRUCTOSE

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20
Q

LACTULOSE IS COMPOSED OF

A

1 GALACTOSE, 1 FRUCTOSE

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21
Q

OBTAINED FROM SUGAR CANE, SUGAR BEET, SUGAR MAPLE

A

SUCROSE

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22
Q

PRODUCED DURING GERMINATION OF BARLEY

A

MALTOSE (MALT)

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23
Q

FROM COW’S MILK

A

LACTOSE

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24
Q

WHAT ARE THE PROCESS TO TURN MILK TO CHEESE?

A

MILK LEFT TO STAND (CREAM) > CHURNED (BUTTER) > ISOLATION OF LIQUID(SKIMMED MILK) > ADDED WIH RENNIN (CHEESE)

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25
Q
  • CONVERTED TO LACTIC AND ACETIC ACID
  • USED AS A LAXATIVE FOR CHRONIC CONSTIPATION
A

LACTULOSE

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26
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 PRODUCTS FROM THE OXIDATION OF CARBOHYDRATE?

A

CHERRY JUICE
ALCOHOL
PLANT ACIDS

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27
Q
  • BY-PRODUCT OF WINE INDUSTRY
  • USED AS SUBSTITUTE OF CITRIC ACID IN BUFFER SYSTEM OF EFFERVESCENT FORMULATIONS
A

TARTARIC ACID

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28
Q

USED AS A ACIDULANT IN INFANT FEEDING FORMULA

A

LACTIC ACID

29
Q

AT ________ ALCOHOL IS 95%

A

15.56C

30
Q

what are the 2 used as aiding agents for intestinal problems?

A

Mannitol, Xylose

31
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF POLYSACCHARIDES?

A

STRUCTURE AND STORAGE

32
Q

EXAMPLE OF HOMOGLYCAN

A

STARCH, INSULIN, GLYCOGEN

33
Q

COMPONENTS OF STARCH

A

AMYLOSE AND AMYLOPECTIN

34
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OF HOMOGLYCAN AND HETEROGLYCAN

A

HOMOGLYCAN PRODUCES ONE SUGAR UPON HYDROLYSIS.
HETEROGLYCAN PRODUCES MORE THAN ONE SUGAR UPON HYDROLYSIS

35
Q

WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF HOMOGLYCAN?

A

INSULIN, STARCH, GLYCOGEN

36
Q

this is from the family of the Compositae

A

Insulin

37
Q

are natural plant hydrocolloids that may be classified as anionic non-ionic polysaccharides or salts of polysaccharides.

A

Gums

38
Q

Provide 3 uses of gums in pharmaceutical

A

Emulsifiers, tablet binders, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents

39
Q

what are the sources of gums

MMTPS

A

Marine
Microbial
Tree/Shrub epoxidates
Plant extracts
Seed

40
Q

forms of gums: worm like, natural injuries, twisted into coils

A

Vermiform

41
Q

forms of gums: natural injuries, irregular TEAR-LIKE

A

Tragacanth sorts

42
Q

forms of gums: MAN-MADE incision, longitudinal striation

A

Ribbon

43
Q

this is a type of gum that is MAN-MADE INCISION

A

Ribbon

44
Q

is the dried hydrophillic colloidal substance extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum

A

Agar

45
Q

Agar is also known as

A

Japanese Isinglas

46
Q

Is a high-molecular-weight microbial gum prepared by the action of Xanthomonas campenstris on suitable carbohydrates.

A

Xanthan gum

47
Q

what is the test for glucose?

A

Benedict’s test

48
Q

what is the test for amylose and amylopectin?

A

iodine test

49
Q

what is the result for amylose?

A

dark blue

50
Q

what is the result for amylopectin?

A

blue-violet/purple

51
Q

what is the ratio of amylose in starch?

A

25%

52
Q

what is the ratio of amylopectin in starch?

A

75%

53
Q

how many glucose units do amylopetin have and what bonds?

A

1000 or glucose units
a-1,4-glycosidic bonds
1-1,6- glucosidic bonds
for every 25 units

54
Q

how many glucose units do amylose have and what bonds?

A

250-300 glucose units
a-1,4-glycosidic bonds

55
Q

what test is for galactose

A

Mucic acid test

56
Q

to where the dextrose can be administered?

A

SC, PO, IV, ENEMA

57
Q

ELECTROLYTE REPLENISHER PREPARATION

A

Calcium gluconate

58
Q

source of calcium preparation

A

calcium glucephate

59
Q

for hematinic; IDA preparation

A

ferrous gluconate

60
Q

prepared by PARTIAL evaporation of milk in a vacuum…

A

Condensed milk

61
Q

prepared by evaporation milk with an extract of malt

A

Malted milk

62
Q

from the ripe fruit of Prunus Cerasus

A

Cherry juice

63
Q

Has malic and pectin major contents

A

Cherry juice

64
Q

From the berries of mountain ash

A

Sorbitol

65
Q

when gum is hydrolyzed what sugars does it yields?
ara glucose gala
xy man?

A

arabinose, glucose, galactose, xylose, mannose

66
Q

what do tragacanth contains?

A

bassorin (swell but do non-water soluble - 60-70%)
tragancanthin (more water soluble - 30%)

67
Q

citric acid is discovered by?

A

Schlee from lemon juice

68
Q

what test is done for Glycogen?

A

Iodine test
PR: Wine red

PHA 010 - PHARMACOGNOSY (20 decks)

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