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BIOLOGY SB1-SB5 > SB1 > Flashcards

SB1 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF RESOLUTION?

A

RESOLUTION IS THE SMALLEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PINTS THAT CAN STILL BE SEEN AS TWO SEPARATE POINTS.

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION KF MAGNIFICATION?

A

MAGNIFICATION IS ENLARGING THE APPEARANCE OF SOMETHING

OR

HOW LARGW SOMETHING IS COMPARED TO REAL LIFE

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3
Q

LIGHT MICROSCOPES

SAY TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT MICROSCOPES:

A
  • THEY HAVE LIMITED MAGNIFICATION

- THEY ALSO HAVE A LIMITED RESOLUTION

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4
Q

GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

A

ELECTRON MICROSCOPES HAVE MUCH GREATER MAGNIFICATION AMD RESOLUTION THAN LIGHT MICROSCOPES

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5
Q

NAME THE PARTA THAT MAKE UP AN ANIMAL CELL.

A
  • mitochondria
  • cell membrane
  • ribosomes
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
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6
Q

NAME THE THINGS THAT A PLANT CELL HAS THAT A ANIMAL CELL DOESN’t

A
  • chloroplast
  • large permanent vacuole
  • cell wall
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7
Q

WHAT IS A EUKARYOTIC CELL?

A

A CELL THAT HAS A NUCLEUS

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8
Q

WHAT IS A PROKARYOTIC CELL?

A

THEY ARE CELLA WITH NO NUCLEUS

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9
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

The function of the nucleus is to control what happens inside the cell and carry genetic information

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10
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance and where chemical reactions happen

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The function of the cell membrane is to control what goes on and out of the cell

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12
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

The ribosomes are tiny round structures and is where proteins are made

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13
Q

What is the role of the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondria is where aerobic respiration happens and where the organism gets its energy

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14
Q

What is the role do the permanent vacuole?

A

At the permanent vacuole the cell sap is stored and helps to keep the cell firm and rigid

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15
Q

Role of the chloroplast

A

The chloroplast contains the chlorophyll which traps the energy firm the sun.

The energy trapped is used for photosynthesis

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16
Q

What is the role of the cell wall

A

The cell wall is made out of cellulose and gives the cell support, protection and structure

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17
Q

What are specialized cells

A

Specialized cells are cells that have developed certain characterizes to perform particular functions.

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18
Q

Specialized cells are made through a process called differentiation.

What is differentiation?

A

Differentiation is where an unspecialized cell turns into a very specific cell with a specific function and specific adaptations

19
Q

Bacterial cells:

Bacteria have a simple cell structure. Like animal and plant cells, they have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm.

What are the differences between bacterial cells and animal and plant cells?

A
  • some bacteria have a flagellum to hell them move
  • bacteria cells do not have a nucleus
  • instead they have a single loop of chromosomal DNA that lies free in the cytoplasm
  • some bacteria have extra circles of DNA called PLASMID DNA.
20
Q

What is the equation to calculate magnification

A

Magnification (M)=image size (I)
——————-
Real size ( R)

21
Q

Define enzymes

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up reactions that occur in the cell. Without them reactions would occur too slowly for us to be alive

22
Q

What is amylase

A

Amylase is a type of enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller sugars and ja found in the saliva and the small intestine.

23
Q

What are catalase?

A

Catalase are a type of enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide made in the cells into oxygen and water

It is found in most cells especially liver cells

24
Q

What is protein made up of

A

Long chain of amino acids

25
Q

What is starch synthase?

A

It is a type of enzyme that is found in plants. It’s unction is the synthesis of starch from glucose

26
Q

What is DNA polymerase

A

It is a type of enzyme found in the nucleus and it’s function is the synthesis of starch from glucose molecules

27
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Amino acids as they are proteins

28
Q

Why is the shape of an enzyme important?

A

The shape is important and it has direct effect on how it catalyze a reaction.

29
Q

Why do enzymes have different shapes?

A

An enzymes shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in the structure and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules.

Different types of enzymes have different shapes and functions because the order and type of amino acid in their structure is different.

30
Q

What are the substances that enzymes work on?

A

The substances that enzymes work on are called the substances and the substances produced are called products

31
Q

Why do enzymes speed up reactions

A

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction activation energy is the minimum energy needed to start a reaction

32
Q

What are digested enzymes

A

Digestive enzymes are produced by specialized cells these enzymes pass out of the cells and into the stomach and small intestine hear the enzymes help to break down large food molecules into smaller ones that are more easily absorbed

33
Q

What is the lock and key model

A

The lock and key model is a way we can represent synthesis and the breaking down of substrates by enzymes

34
Q

When the substrate binds to the active site what does it form

A

This form is the enzyme substrate complex

35
Q

What is a substrate

A

The initial substance which an enzyme acts on

36
Q

What is the product

A

The product is the substance that is or are made by the enzyme after the reaction

37
Q

What does it mean to denature

A

To destroy the characteristic properties affecting the active site

38
Q

What is the active site

A

The active site is the enzyme region that binds to the substances during a reaction

39
Q

What is Synthesis

A

Synthesis is producing a substance from one or more substrates

40
Q

What is digestion

A

Breaking down substances into smaller products

41
Q

What are optimum conditions

A

The optimal pH or temperature is the level at which the rate of reaction taking place is at its highest

42
Q

What is diffusion

diffusion is the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

diffusion is the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

43
Q

What is the collision theory

A

For a chemical reaction to happen the reactants particles must collide with each other on the particles must have enough energy to react

BIOLOGY SB1-SB5 (2 decks)

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