SB2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
1) haploid cell + example
2) diploid cell + example
1) haploid - cells with 1 copy of each chromosome (eg. gametes)
2) diploid - cells with 2 copies of each chromosome (eg. adult humans)
1) stage before + after mitosis
2) mitosis
1) before - interphase
after - cytokinesis
2) mitosis - PMAT
1) how asexual reproduction happens
2) pros / cons
1) through mitosis
2) pros - faster, share resistance
cons - no variation, share weakness
how do cancer cells grow
cells undergo rapid, uncontrollable cell division
define + explain growth
an increase in the size / number of cells
through mitosis
define + explain meristem cells
allow plants to keep growing
through mitosis
plant growth equation
(final - starting value) ÷ starting value
x100
1) define stem cells
2) why we need them
3) how can they treat disease
4) two problems
1) cells that divide repeatedly over a long period of time
2) for human growth and to replace old / damaged tissues
3) can treat disease by being stimulated and injected where needed
4) uncontrolled division can lead to cancer
and cells can be rejected by person they’re put into
cell differentiation
cells that have changed to be specialised
1) nuerones
2) their function
1) interconnect with nuerones and body parts
2) process information and control the body
1) cerebral cortex
2) it’s function
1) two cerebral hemispheres - R + L communicate
2) for senses, language, memory, behaviour and consciouness
1) cerebellum + function
2) who may have developed cerebellums
two halves - controls muscle action, posture and balance
musicians
1) medulla oblongata + function
1) neurons connect brain to spinal cord
2) controls heart and breathing rate +
reflexes (eg. sneezing)
1) ct scan
2) pet scan
3) radiotherapy + chemotherapy
4) their problems
5) spinal cord problems
1) ct - brain shape and structure
2) pet - brain activity
3) radio and chemotherapy - kill cancer cells
4) both - can damage body/brain and may not work
5) no current fix for spinal cord problems
1) Central Nervous System (CNS)
2) Nervous system
3) The nervous system’s function
1) CNS - made of brain and spinal cord
2) Nervous system - made of nerves
3) allows body parts to communicate through impulses
1) Stimulus
2) How the body responds
1) anything the body is sensitive to
2) Receptor cells form an impulse –> brain –> brain sends an impulse to the body –> body responds
1) Another word for Nerve Cells
2) Neurotransmission
3) Where it occurs
1) Nuerones
2) The travel/ transmission of impulses
3) Occurs in neurones
1) How are dendrons + axons adapted
2) What is the Myelin Sheath
3) What does the Myelin Sheath do
1) They are long for fast neurotransmission
2) Fatty layer surrounding sensory neurones
3) Allows for faster neurotransmission, insulates the cell preventing the signal losing energy
examples of sense organs
eyes, ears, skin
1) Retina + what it contains
2+3) Define the two things it contains + 4) Link to vision in darkness
1) Layer of rods + cones, contains receptor cells
2) Cones - receptor cells sensitive to the colour of light - mainly for bright light
3) Rods - receptor cells sensitive to differences in light intensity - mainly for dim light
4) Rods don’t detect colour so that’s why we don’t see colour well in the dark
1) Pupil
2) Iris
3) How the iris performs it’s role
4) It’s importance
1) Where light enters
2) Controls amount of light entering the eye
3) Constricts/ Dilates the pupil to adjust the amount of light that can enter
4) Bright light can damage the retina
1) Cornea
2) Lens
3) Ciliary Muscles
1) Vision Focus
2) Finer focussing
3) Control lens for vision depending on distance
Solutions for Eye Problems
1) Short sight
2) Long sight
3) Cataract
4) Colourblindness
1) Diverging Lens
2) Converging Lens
3) Replace Lens
4) No Fix
1) motor neurones
2) relay neurones
3) Synapse
1) carry impulses to effectors
2) link motor + sensory neurones
3) where neurones meet
