SB8 Flashcards
(22 cards)
give an example of a chemical reaction
respiration
give an example of a mechanical action
breathing
respiration equation
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
describe and explain the sa: vol ratio of multicellular organisms
small sa: vol ratio because molecules needed can’t diffuse fast enough
what system do multicellular organisms need
transport system to move substances in the body
describe + link the sa: vol ratio of multicellular organisms
large sa: vol ratio for slower diffusion
how are lungs adapted
have lots of alveoli
how are alveoli adapted
large sa for faster diffusion and one cell thick for good blood supply
when does diffusion occur in the lungs and what gases are involved
gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
what are alveoli surrounded by
capillaries
do larger objects have a large or small sa: vol rato
small
what four things does blood contain
plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets
what is plasma + what does it do
the liquid part of blood that transports food molecules around the body
what do RBCs do + what else are they known as
transport O2 and absorb CO2 - also known as erythrocytes
how are RBCs adapted
prokaryotic for more space + a concave shape for large sa
what do WBCs do + what two types of WBCs are there
fight infection - two types are phagocytes and lymphocytes
what are phagocytes and what do they do
type of WBC - kill microorganisms by phagocytosis which involves engulfing, killing and digesting it
what are lymphocytes and what do they do
type of WBC - release antibodies
what do platelets do + what are they covered in
stick to damaged blood vessels forming clots over the wound which stops bleeding - they are covered in proteins
what do arteries do + how are they adapted
carry blood away from the heart - adapted with thick elastic cell walls to cope with the pressure of blood (which is high as it is thick)
what do capillaries do + how are they adapted
carry blood close to cells - adapted with thin cell walls to allow O2 and nutrient diffusion
anaerobic respiration equation + what kind of reaction is it
glucose –> lactic acid
- an exothermic reaction
