SBA basics Flashcards
1
Q
What would you do in the event of a sharps injury?
A
- Encourage the wound to bleed.
- Clean the wound with soap (DON’T SCRUB)
- Apply a waterproof dressing.
2
Q
Which waste bag is INFECTIOUS WASTE TO BE INCINERATED?
(clinical highly infectious)
A
Yellow
3
Q
Which waste bag is for clinical waste?
(infectious waste treated to render safe proper to disposal)
A
Orange
4
Q
Which waste bag is for cytotoxic waste?
A
Purple
5
Q
Which bag indicates offensive waste that can be landfilled?
A
Yellow/Black
6
Q
Which waste bag is used for domestic waste?
A
Black
7
Q
Ayliffe Handwashing Technique
A
- Wet hands
- Apply soap
- Rub palms together
- Back of hand interlock fingers
- Rub palm to palm
- Rub fingers
- Rub thumbs
- Rub finger tips
- Rub wrists
8
Q
Correct order of donning PPE
A
- Apron
- Mask
- Eye Protection
- Gloves
9
Q
Correct order of doffing PPE
A
- Gloves
- Apron
- Eye protection
- Mask
10
Q
Which document describes how decontamination, infection control, waste and hand hygiene should happen in the dental practice?
A
HTM 01-05
11
Q
Cycle of Decontamination
A
- Storage
- Use
- Cleaning
- Disinfection
- Inspection
- Packaging
- Sterilisation
12
Q
How long can sterile instruments be stored for?
A
12 months
13
Q
What does ACC stand for in charting?
A
All Ceramic Crown
14
Q
What does RBC/DBC stand for in charting?
A
Resin Bonded Crown / Dentine Bonded Crown
15
Q
What does PI stand for in charting?
A
Porcelain Inlay
16
Q
What does BR / BA stand for in charting?
A
Bridge Retainer / Bridge Abutment
17
Q
What does BP stand for in charting?
A
Bridge Pontic
18
Q
BPE Code 0
A
Pockets are < 3.5 mm
No calculus / overhangs or bleeding on probing.
19
Q
BPE Code 1
A
Pockets of < 3.5 mm
No calculus / overhangs.
BLEEDING ON PROBING noted.
20
Q
BPE Code 2
A
Pockets < 3.5 mm
Supra or subgingival calculus / overhangs present.
21
Q
BPE Code 3
A
Probing depths of between 3.5-5.5 mm
(black band partially visible)
22
Q
BPE Code 4
A
Probing depth greater than 5.5 mm
(black band NOT visible)
23
Q
What does * mean on a BPE?
A
Furcation Involvement
24
Q
How is periodontal grading calculated?
A
% bone loss / patient age
25
Grade A
Value of < 0.5
*slow rate of progression*
26
Grade B
Value of 0.5 - 1.0
*moderate rate of progression*
27
Grade C
Value of > 1.0
*rapid rate of progression*
28
What does periodontal staging represent?
Extent of interproximal bone loss.
29
Stage 1
< 15% bone loss
30
Stage 2
Bone loss extending to the coronal third of the root.
31
Stage 3
Bone loss extending to the mid 1/3 of the root.
32
Stage 4
Bone loss extending to the apical 1/3 of the root.
33
What 3 factors indicate stable periodontitis?
BoP < 10%
All pocket depths ≤ 4mm
No BoP found at 4mm sites
34
What 3 factors indicate periodontitis which is currently in remission?
BoP ≥ 10%
Pocket depths ≤ 4mm
No BoP found at 4mm sites
(only changing factor is a greater overall BoP)
35
Which 2 situations would indicate periodontitis which is currently unstable?
Pocket depths of ≥ 5mm
or
Pocket depths ≥ 4mm with BoP
36
What would indicate clinical gingival health?
< 10% BoP
37
What would 10-30% BoP represent?
Localised Gingivitis
38
What would BoP greater than 30% indicate?
Generalised Gingivitis
39
Grade I Furcation
Horizontal bone loss of less than 3mm.
40
Grade II Furcation
Horizontal bone loss greater than 3mm but not through the entire furcation.
41
Grade III Furcation
Bone loss extending across the entire furcation area
42
Grade 1 Mobility
Mobility of up to 1mm horizontally.
43
Grade 2 Mobility
Mobility greater than 1mm horizontally.
44
Grade 3 Mobility
Mobility greater than 1mm horizontally as well as vertically.
45
Dose of fluoride varnish used on PRIMARY DENTITION
0.25 ml of 22,6000 ppm
46
Dose of fluoride varnish used on MIXED DENTITION
0.4 ml of 22,6000 ppm
47
Dose of fluoride varnish used on PERMANENT DENTITION
0.75 ml of 22,6000 ppm
48
Where is the 1/2 Gracey Curette used?
Anterior Teeth
49
Where is the 7/8 Gracey Curette used?
BUCCAL and LINGUAL surfaces of premolars and molars.
50
Where is the 11/12 Gracey Curette used?
On the MESIAL aspects of posterior teeth.
51
Where is the 13/14 Gracey Curette used?
On the DISTAL aspect of posterior teeth.
52
Describe the **Ayliffe Technique**
1. wet hands + soap
2. palm to palm
3. back of hands with palms interlocked
4. fingers like a house
5. backs of fingers/handshake
6. thumbs
7. wrists
53
What is the instrument decontamination cycle and where would the guidance be found?
**HTM 01-04** - DECONTAMINATION
**HTM 01-07** - CLINICAL WASTE
1. Clean (organic debris)
2. Disinfect
3. Inspect
4. Package
5. Sterilise
6. Store
54
ASA 1-6 Classification
1. Healthy Pt
2. **mild** systemic disease
3. **severe** systemic disease which **limits** normal activity
4. **severe** systemic disease which is a **threat to life**
5. **moribund** - likely to die within the next 24 hours without surgery
6. brain dead organ donor
55
Describe abfraction.
Loss of tooth surface in the cervical area caused by tooth grinding and compression forces.
56
What is the weight limit for a dental chair?
127 kg / 20 stone
57
Things to be aware of with regards to scope of practice:
Dentist > Foundation Dentist > Therapist > Hygienist > Nurse > Dental Technician > Clinical Dental Technician
- whitening can only be done under dentist prescription
- LA requires prescription (PSD), topical depends on type
- if you think another material is better when restoring, it is ok to do this
- noticing another area requiring tx, this **requires tx planning with a dentist first**
58
What is the difference between a dental technician and a clinical dental technician?
DT: makes dental appliances under a dentists prescription.
CDT: provide complete dentures and other dental appliances, can examine and treatment plan **edentulous pts**. Can also temporarily recement crowns, OHI, prescribe radiographs and tooth whitening under dentist prescription.
59
Which type of waste goes in the yellow bag?
Infectious waste to be incinerated.
60
Which type of waste goes in an orange bag?
Infectious waste that can be safe if treated before disposal - HOSPITAL WASTE
61
Which type of waste is put in green bags?
recycling
62
Which type of waste goes in the yellow bag with black stripes?
OFFENSIVE hygiene waste for landfills
63
Which type of waste goes in the black bag?
General Waste (domestic waste for landfill or recycling)
64
Which type of waste goes in the purple bag?
CYTOTOXIC / CYTOSTATIC waste to be incinerated
65
Which type of waste goes in the grey bag?
(think, school grey bucket)
Broken glass, aerosol cans, food tins.
66
What are the 4 ethical principles?
1. **Autonomy** - pt has the right to choose for themselves.
2. **Beneficience** - act within the pts best interest.
3. **Non-Maleficence** - do not harm.
4. **Justice** - fair treatment.
67
Things to cover when gaining consent: **INERSA**
I - indication / purpose of tx
N - nature
E - effects
R - risks
S - success rate
A - alternative tx
68
Describe Zsigmondy-Palmer Notation
4 quadrants with 1-8 for permanent teeth and A-E for primary.
(*normal notation we use*)
69
Describe the FDI System
Permanent Dentition - 1=UR, 2=UL, 3=LL, 4=LR
Primary Dentition - 5=UR, 6=UL, 7=LL, 8=LR
70
What is the vibrating line?
The junction between the hard and soft palate.
71
What are the 3 types of papillae (taste buds)?
1. Fungiform
2. Filiform - small papillae on the anterior surface of the tongue, aren’t for taste?
3. Circumvallate - inverted V shape, larger in the posterior 1/3 of tongue.
72
DMFT vs dmft
DMFT - adults (big)
dmft - kids (small)
73
What are 2 indications for fluoride varnish?
1. Caries
2. Dentine Hypersensitivity
74
Fluoride Doses
primary - **0.25ml**
mixed - **0.4ml**
permanent - **0.75**
(toxic fluoride dose is 5mg/kilo of body weight)
75
How many ppm does Silver Diamine Fluoride Contain?
44,600 ppm
(arrests caries)
76
Gracey Curette Usage
1/2 - **anteriors**
7/8 - **buccal and lingual** for posteriors
11/12 - **everything apart from distal** of posteriors
13/14 - **distal** of posteriors
77
CALM mechanism for ultrasonic scaling
C - cavitation (think **cavi**tron); removes calculus and biofilm.
A - acoustic microstreaming; water droplets for better effectiveness.
L - lavage/irrigation; washes away the debris and cools the tip.
M - mechanical application; fractures calculus.
78
What is **proxy consent**?
**Voluntary informed consent given on behalf of another** who is responsible for someone else who lacks capacity.
79
What is post hoc consent?
Consent for findings to be used in research for further use.
80
What is defined as emergency care?
When the condition is life or death.
81
What is urgent care?
When it is not a life or death situation but the pt should be seen within 24 hours.
82
When is non-urgent dental care?
When the pt should be seen within 7 days of their complaint **unless their condition worsens**.
83
Minimum age for chlorhexidine usage?
12
84
Minimum dose of paracetamol for an overdose?
>4000mg - 10x usual dose!!
(administer acetylcysteine)
85
What should the INR be of a pt taking warfarin within 72 hours pre XLA?
less than 4
86
Should prophylactic dose of injectable anticoagulant be stopped before XLA?
**no -**
if pt is taking higher dose requiring same tx, consult prescribing clinician.
87
What is the maximum XLA socket healing time before suspecting MRONJ?
8 weeks
88
What compound is used for air abrasion?
aluminium oxide
89
How does the chroma of dentine change with age?
Increases over time - **strength of colour increases**
90
How many lobes of dentine are there on the incisal edge?
3
91
What is the hybrid layer?
Mix of collagen and resin - too wet means the adhesive won’t properly penetrate the collagen network or too dry means collagen fibres collapse.
92
Purpose of etching:
removing smear layer (layer of debris and bacteria) to allow for adhesion of material to the tooth.
93
Which component of composite makes it radiopaque?
filler
94
Kalzinol cannot be used with which restorative material?
composite
(cannot be used as pulp cap as toxic to pulp)
95
What pulpal protector can be used with amalgam?
zinc oxide eugenol
96
Which material can be used together as a direct / indirect pulp cap for both composite and amalgam?
CaOH and vitrebond (RMGIC)
97
What should the cave-surface angle be for amalgam restorations?
90º
98
Which component of GIC acts as etch?
10% polyacrylic acid
99
What is a dentine priming agent?
Bridge between the etch and dentine bonding agent.
100
What type of reaction is the setting of composite?
free radical addition polymerisation
101
Maximum pulpal exposure that dycal can be used?
<1mm exposure
102
What is the main ingredient of MTA / biodentine.
tricalcium silicate
103
What is the main advantage of biodentine over MTA?
setting time - MTA takes 4hrs to set whereas biodentine is 15 mins.
104
Which component of MTA can give the tooth a grey appearance?
bismuth oxide
105
What percentage of demineralisation is needed for radiographic detection of proximal carious lesions?
50%
106
What is the posterior determinant of occlusion?
the TMJ
107
Which muscle of mastication depresses the mandible and allows for lateral movements?
Lateral Pterygoid
(innervated by v3 trigeminal)
108
A C/C pt presents with difficulty chewing, swallowing and speaking.
**What issue do they have?**
insufficient FWS (over closed)
109
A C/C pt presents with poor facial appearance, difficulty getting chewing pressure and cheek biting.
**What issue do they have?**
Excessive FWS (over open)
110
A pt has to be between what ASA classifications in order to be treated within **practice**?
1-2
111
Which ASA classifications are not suitable for practice so have to be seen within hospital or secondary care?
3-6
112
Minimum oxygen level administered for IHS:
30% (most NO administered is 70%)
113
IV sedation with benzodiazepines increase levels of which neurotransmitter?
GABA -
inhibitory which reduces excitability and so helps reduce anxiety.
114
Contraindications for IHS:
- unable to cooperate
- can’t breathe through nose
- 1st trimester of pregnancy
- COPD
115
Duchenne muscular dystrophy and malignant hyperpyrexia contraindicate which type of sedation?
GA
