SC, PNS, ANS

Question 1

Spinocerebellar tracts ________.

1) terminate in the spinal cord
2) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum
3) give rise to conscious experience of perception
4) are found in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord

Answer 1

2) carry proprioceptive inputs to the cerebellum

Question 2

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

1) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
2) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
3) the thalamus
4) sympathetic ganglia

Answer 2

1) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

Question 3

The abducens nerve ________.

1) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
2) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue
3) exits from the medulla
4) if paralyzed, exhibits Bell’s palsy

Answer 3

1) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Question 4

Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor?

1) touch
2) pressure
3) pain
4) temperature
5) baroreceptor

Answer 4

Baroreceptor

Question 5

The adult spinal cord ends between L1 and L2.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________.

1) anticholinesterase
2) epinephrine
3) norepinephrine
4) a beta-blocker

Answer 6

a beta-blocker

Question 7

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the following?

1) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
2) synapase with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
3) ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
4) pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron

Answer 7

1) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

Question 8

Which of the following statements is not true?

1) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
2) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to visceral organs served.
3) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
4) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.

Answer 8

1) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.

Question 9

Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the ________.

1) sympathetic nervous system
2) cerebrum
3) parasympathetic nervous system
4) somatic nervous system

Answer 9

1) sympathetic nervous system

Question 10

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

1) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
2) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
3) preganglionic fibers are short
4) preganglionic fibers are long

Answer 10

2) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

Question 11

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.

1) interoceptors
2) photoreceptors
3) nociceptors
4) proprioceptors

Answer 11

3) nociceptors

Question 12

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.

1) parasympathetic innervation
2) sympathetic stimulation
3) vagus nerve activity
4) neurosecretory substances

Answer 12

2) sympathetic stimulation

Question 13

Which receptors adapt most slowly?

1) smell receptors
2) pressure receptors
3) nociceptors
4) touch receptors

Answer 13

3) nociceptors

Question 14

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

1) oculomotor
2) olfactory
3) trigeminal
4) facial

Answer 14

2) olfactory

Question 15

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

1) regulation of pupil size
2) regulation of cardiac rate
3) regulation of respiratory rate
4) regulation of body temperature

Answer 15

Regulation of body temperature

Question 16

Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.

1) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
2) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
4) visceral arcs do not use integration centers

Answer 17

3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

Question 18

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.

1) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
2) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
3) increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
4) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 18

2) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Question 19

There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.

1) upper motor neurons
2) lower motor neurons
3) spinal nerve roots
4) neuromotor junction

Answer 20

Upper motor neurons

Question 21

Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

1) smooth muscle
2) cardiac muscle
3) skeletal muscle
4) most glands

Answer 21

Skeletal muscle

Question 22

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?

1) in the head
2) in the cervical region
3) close to the visceral effectors they serve
4) in the armpit

Answer 22

In the armpit

Question 23

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.

1) interoceptors
2) exteroceptors
3) proprioceptors
4) mechanoreceptors

Answer 24

Exteroceptors

Question 25

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________. 1) sympathetic trunk 2) phrenic nerve 3) vagus nerve 4) sacral nerve

Answer 25

Vagus nerve

Question 26

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________. 1) pyramidal and corticospinal 2) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal 3) segmental and nigrostriatal 4) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine

Answer 26

pyramidal and corticospinal

Question 27

The chain ganglion, like the dorsal root ganglion, contains soma from sensory neurons.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Inborn or intristic reflexes are ________. 1) rapid, predictable, learned responses 2) involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior 3) autonomic only 4) always mediated by the brain

Answer 28

involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior

Question 29

Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________. 1) spinal cord 2) medulla 3) thalamus 4) somatosensory cortex

Answer 30

Thalamus

Question 31

The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

The white rami communicantes ________. 1) are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments 2) are unmyelinated 3) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain 4) carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery

Answer 32

3) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain

Question 33

Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. 1) paraplegia 2) hemiplegia 3) quadriplegia 4) spinal shock only

Answer 34

Paraplegia

Question 35

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________. 1) V 2) VII 3) X 4) XII

Answer 35

X

Question 36

White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________. 1) corpus callosum 2) cerebral cortex 3) corticospinal tracts 4) outer portion of the spinal cord

Answer 36

Cerebral cortex

Question 37

The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. 1) afferent nerves 2) efferent nerves 3) motor nerves 4) mixed nerves

Answer 38

Afferent nerves

Question 39

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra? 1) second cervical 2) third lumbar 3) first coccyx 4) first thoracic

Answer 39

First thoracic

Question 40

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________. 1) white rami communicantes 2) gray rami communicantes 3) spinal nerves 4) splanchnic nerves

Answer 40

Splanchnic nerves

Question 41

Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system? 1) smooth muscle 2) cardiac muscle 3) skeletal muscle 4) most glands

Answer 41

skeletal muscle

Question 42

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________. 1) interoceptors 2) exteroceptors 3) proprioceptors 4) mechanoreceptors

Answer 43

exteroceptors

Question 44

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________. 1) sympathetic trunk 2) phrenic nerve 3) vagus nerve 4) sacral nerve

Answer 44

vagus nerve

Question 45

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________. 1) pyramidal and corticospinal 2) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal 3) segmental and nigrostriatal 4) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine

Answer 45

pyramidal and corticospinal

Question 46

Inborn or intristic reflexes are ________. 1) rapid, predictable, learned responses 2) involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior 3) autonomic only 4) always mediated by the brain

Answer 46

involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior

Question 47

Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the ________. 1) spinal cord 2) medulla 3) thalamus 4) somatosensory cortex

Answer 48

thalamus

Question 49

The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

The white rami communicantes ________. 1) are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments 2) are unmyelinated 3) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain 4) carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery

Answer 50

carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain

Question 51

Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. 1) paraplegia 2) hemiplegia 3) quadriplegia 4) spinal shock only

Answer 52

paraplegia

Question 53

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________. 1) V 2) VII 3) X 4) XII

Answer 53

X

Question 54

White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________. Question 16 options: 1) corpus callosum 2) cerebral cortex 3) corticospinal tracts 4) outer portion of the spinal cord

Answer 54

cerebral cortex

Question 55

The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. 1) afferent nerves 2) efferent nerves 3) motor nerves 4) mixed nerves

Answer 56

afferent nerves

Question 57

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra? 1) second cervical 2) third lumbar 3) first coccyx 4) first thoracic

Answer 57

First thoracic

Question 58

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________. 1) white rami communicantes 2) gray rami communicantes 3) spinal nerves 4) splanchnic nerves

Answer 58

splancnic nerves

Question 59

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia only.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system.

Answer 60

False

Question 61

The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.

Answer 61

False

Question 62

The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision. 1) optic 2) oculomotor 3) trochlear 4) abducens

Answer 62

oculomotor

Question 63

The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

The structures that specifically exhibit vasomotor tone are mostly under sympathetic control.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

Which sympathetic fibers form the splanchnic nerve? 1) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers 2) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered 3) those that synapse with somatic fibers 4) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Answer 65

those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Question 66

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________. 1) parasympathetic division 2) sympathetic division 3) somatic division 4) peripheral nervous system

Answer 66

parasympathetic division

Question 67

In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord.

Answer 68

False

Question 69

Beta-blockers ________. 1) increase a dangerously low heart rate 2) decrease heart rate and blood pressure 3) have widespread sympathetic effects 4) are potent antidepressants

Answer 69

decrease heart rate and blood pressure

Question 70

The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________. 1) hypoglossal 2) accessory 3) vagus 4) glossopharyngeal

Answer 70

accessory

Question 71

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc? 1) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor 2) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector 3) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor 4) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector

Answer 71

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

Question 72

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.

Answer 72

True

Question 73

Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? 1) salivation 2) dilation of the pupils 3) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera 4) elimination of urine

Answer 73

Dilation of the pupils

Question 74

The patellar "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a(n) ________. 1) extensor thrust reflex 2) stress reflex 3) crossed-extensor reflex 4) stretch reflex

Answer 74

stretch reflex

Question 75

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________. 1) Mostly myelinated nerve fibers. 2) unmyelinated nerve fibers only. 3) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

Answer 75

Mostly myelinated nerve fibers.

Question 76

Transduction refers to conversion of ________. 1) presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses 2) stimulus information to nerve impulses 3) receptor energy to stimulus energy 4) afferent impulses to efferent impulses

Answer 76

stimulus information to nerve impulses

Question 77

A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve? Question 19 options: 1) glossopharyngeal 2) vagus 3) olfactory 4) accessory

Answer 77

olfactory

Question 78

Rami communicantes are designated white or grey to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.

Answer 78

True

Question 79

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________. 1) parasympathetic innervation 2) sympathetic stimulation 3) vagus nerve activity 4) neurosecretory substances

Answer 79

sympathetic stimulation

Question 80

Which sympathetic fibers form the splanchnic nerve? 1) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers 2) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered 3) those that synapse with somatic fibers 4) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Answer 80

those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Question 81

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Beta-blockers ________. 1) increase a dangerously low heart rate 2) decrease heart rate and blood pressure 3) have widespread sympathetic effects 4) are potent antidepressants

Answer 82

decrease heart rate and blood pressure

Question 83

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________. 1) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow 2) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response 3) preganglionic fibers are short 4) preganglionic fibers are long

Answer 83

NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

Question 84

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia only.

Answer 84

True

Question 85

Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.

Answer 85

True

Question 86

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________. 1) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure 2) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure 3) increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure 4) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 86

Increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

Question 87

A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________. 1) anticholinesterase 2) epinephrine 3) norepinephrine 4) a beta-blocker

Answer 87

A beta-blocker

Question 88

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ________. 1) pyramidal and corticospinal 2) extrapyramidal and rubrospinal 3) segmental and nigrostriatal 4) supplementary and cerebellar-pontine

Answer 88

Pyramidal and corticospinal

Question 89

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________. 1) Mostly myelinated nerve fibers. 2) unmyelinated nerve fibers only. 3) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

Answer 89

3) soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

Question 90

Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system.

Answer 90

False

Question 91

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________. 1) white rami communicantes 2) gray rami communicantes 3) spinal nerves 4) splanchnic nerves

Answer 91

4) splanchnic nerves

Question 92

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. 1) paraplegia 2) hemiplegia 3) quadriplegia 4) spinal shock only

Answer 92

paraplegia

Question 93

The adult spinal cord ends between L1 and L2.

Answer 93

True

Question 94

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________. 1) V 2) VII 3) X 4) XII

Answer 94

3) X

Question 95

In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum.

Answer 95

True

Question 96

White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations except the ________. 1) corpus callosum 2) cerebral cortex 3) corticospinal tracts 4) outer portion of the spinal cord

Answer 96

cerebral cortex

Question 97

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________. 1) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons 2) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess 3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons 4) visceral arcs do not use integration centers

Answer 97

3) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

Question 98

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________. 1) sympathetic trunk 2) phrenic nerve 3) vagus nerve 4) sacral nerve

Answer 98

Vagus nerve