Scapular Region

Question 1

What is the action of the Deltoid muscle

Answer 1

Anterior section: flexion and medial rotation
Primary middle: Abduction
Posterior: Extension, lateral rotation and horizontal extension of humerus

Question 2

What innervates the Deltoid?

Answer 2

Axillary nerve (C5-6)

Question 3

What are the bony attachments of the Deltoid?

Answer 3

Clavical, acromion, spine of the scapula to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 4

What are the actions of the supraspinatus?

Answer 4

Humeral abduction and laterally rotating humerus, stabilizing glenohumeral joint (by reinforcing superior aspect of joint capsule)

Question 5

What innervates the supraspinatus?

Answer 5

Suprascapular nerve (C4-6)

Question 6

What are the bony attachments of the supraspinatus?

Answer 6

medial 2/3 of supraspinous fossa to superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus and to shoulder joint capsule

Question 7

What are the actions of the infraspinatus?

Answer 7

lateral rotation of humerus, stabilize glenohumeral joint

Question 8

What innervates the infrapsinatus?

Answer 8

Suprascapular nerve (C5-6)

Question 9

What are the attachments of the Infraspinatus?

Answer 9

Medial 2/3 of infraspinous fossa to middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus and to shoulder joint capsule

Question 10

What are the actions of the teres minor?

Answer 10

lateral rotation of humerus, stabilize GH joint

Question 11

What innervates the teres minor?

Answer 11

axillary nerve (C5-6)

Question 12

What are the attachments of the teres minor

Answer 12

upper 2/3 of dorsal surface of lateral border of the scapula to inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus and to shoulder joint capsule

Question 13

What are the actions of the subscapularis?

Answer 13

medial rotation of humerus, stabilize GH joint

Question 14

What innervates the subscapularis?

Answer 14

upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-6)

Question 15

What are the attachments of the subscapularis?

Answer 15

from subscapular fossa to lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 16

What are the actions of the teres major?

Answer 16

humeral adduction, medial rotation and extension

Question 17

What innervates the teres major

Answer 17

lower subscapular nerve (C5-6)

Question 18

What are the attachments of the teres major

Answer 18

dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula and lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula to medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 19

What neurovascular structures would be injured if a bone fracture happened at the medial border of the scapula?

Answer 19

Dorsal scapular nerve and Dorsal scapular artery

Question 20

Where is the quadrangular space?

Answer 20

shaft of humerus lateral, teres major inferior, teres minor superior, long head of triceps brachii medial

Question 21

What is in the quadrangular space?

Answer 21

Axillary nerve and Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 22

What is in the scapular notch

Answer 22

Suprascapular nerve (goes deep to ligament) and artery (goes superficial to ligament)

Question 23

Where is the scapular notch

Answer 23

superior side of scapula, deep to scapular spine, notch in bone, closed off by transverse scapular ligament

Question 24

What is in the medial border of the scapula

Answer 24

Dorsal Scapular nerve and artery

Question 25

Where are the scapular bursae?

Answer 25

subacromial, subdeltoid, subtendinous of subscapularis

Question 26

What is the function of the scapular bursae?

Answer 26

synovial fluid filled sac, lines surfaces, cushions, reduces friction between bones and tendon

Question 27

What happens when there is a glenohumeral joint dislocation

Answer 27

Inferior joint capsule is not reinforced by rotator cuff or ligaments, especially when arm is in abducted position. As soon as head of humerus comes out inferiorly, it moves anteriorly. Head of humerus gets into axilla, where it can encounter and put pressure on many nerves arteries and veins which could cause problems

Question 28

What happens when there is shoulder separation

Answer 28

A hard fall on outstretched hand or landing on shoulder could cause shoulder separation. In severe cases, complete tear of acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament which causes the clavicle to move over the acromion. Now free acromion may move inferior and damage GH joint

Question 29

What is in the subacromial space

Answer 29

Supraspinatus muscle, bursae, tendons, bone