Superior back

Question 1

Distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic back muscles

Answer 1

Extrinsic muscles are axioappendicular- responsible for movement of limbs (external) and respiration and proprioception (intermediate). Intrinsic back muscles are responsible for stabilization of the spine and movement of the vertebral column

Question 2

List the extrinsic superficial back muscles

Answer 2

Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae and Trapezius

Question 3

What innervates the Trapezius?

Answer 3

Cranial nerve XI

Question 4

What innervates the Latissimus dorsi?

Answer 4

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

Question 5

What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles

Answer 5

Serratus posterior superior and Serratus posterior inferior

Question 6

What innervates the Rhomboids?

Answer 6

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

Question 7

What innervates the levator scapulae

Answer 7

Dorsal Scapular nerve (C4-5)

Question 8

List the intrinsic superficial back muscles

Answer 8

Splenius muscles (capitis and cervicis)

Question 9

List the intrinsic intermediate back muscles

Answer 9

Erector spinae (spinalis, longissiumus and iliocostalis

Question 10

List the intrinsic deep back muscles

Answer 10

Transversospinales (semispinalis, multifidius and rotatores)

Question 11

What are the bony attachments for the trapezius muscle

Answer 11

From superior nuchal line, eternal occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and cervical and thoracic spinous processes to the clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

Question 12

What are the actions of the trapezius

Answer 12

lower-depression
middle-retraction
upper- scapular elevation
lower and upper- upward scapular rotation

Question 13

Where is the trapezius located in relation to other things?

Answer 13

Superficial to the rhomboids

Question 14

What is the segmental innervation for the Trapezius

Answer 14

C3-4

Question 15

What are the bony attachments of the Latissimus dorsi muscle?

Answer 15

Lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia and illiac crest to the floor of the intertubular sulucs of the humerus

Question 16

What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 16

adduction, extension, medial (internal) rotation of the humerus

Question 17

Where is the latissimus dorsi in relation to other things?

Answer 17

Lateral to the spine, inferior to the trapezius, superficial to the intermediate back muscles

Question 18

What sensory neurons are innervated by the Rhomboids

Answer 18

C3-4

Question 18

What are the bony attachments of the Rhomboids

Answer 18

Major is from spinous process T2-5, Minor is from ligamentum nuchae and spinous process C7-T1 to medial border of the scapula

Question 19

What are the actions of the Rhomboids?

Answer 19

Scapular retraction, elevation (upper) and downward rotation of the scapula

Question 19

What are the bony attachments of the levator scapulae muscle

Answer 19

transverse processes of C1-4 to superior angle and superomedial border of scapula

Question 20

What are the actions of the Levator Scapulae muscle?

Answer 20

Elevation and downward rotation of the scapula

Question 21

What is the function of CN XI (cranial nerve XI aka Accessory nerve)?

Answer 21

innervation of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 22

Where is Cranial nerve XI

Answer 22

CN XI is on the deep aspect of the trapezius muscle, parallel to the transverse cervical artery. They are thicker at their origin

Question 23

What are the intrinsic back muscles innervated by generally?

Answer 23

Posterior rami of the spine

Question 24

Where is external occipital protuberance?

Answer 24

base of skull, superior to vertebrae

Question 24

Where is the spine of the acromion of scapula

Answer 24

on shoulder, superior, superficial and lateral process of scapula

Question 25

Where is the spine of the scapula

Answer 25

medial and a little inferior to acromion process

Question 25

Where is the inferior angle of the scapula

Answer 25

Inferior of scapula more medial

Question 26

Where is the iliac crest

Answer 26

Superior and posterior of the pelvis, going from medial to lateral

Question 27

Where is the posterior superior iliac spine

Answer 27

More of a landmark, that is medial to iliac crest and may appear as dimples in some people's backs

Question 28

Where is the spinous process of the C7 (Vertebra prominens)

Answer 28

largest and most inferior vertebrae in the neck region, posterior base of neck

Question 29

Where is the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 29

thoracic region, median of back, inferior to C7

Question 30

What is a dermatome?

Answer 30

area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve

Question 31

What is a myotome

Answer 31

group of muscles innervated by single spinal nerve

Question 32

What is a dermatome map?

Answer 32

map of body that shows segmental innervation, it is not a discrete line, there is some overlap and ambiguity. Can help be used to determine if there is a spinal nerve injury