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Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

Typical Antipsychotics

A

chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
haloperidol (Haldol)

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2
Q

Antipsychotic Depot Injections: Long lasting- 2weeks

A

haloperidol (Haldol decanoate)
risperidone (Consta)
paliperidone (Invega)

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3
Q

Anticholinergic medications

A

benztropine (Cogentin)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Trihexphenidyl (Artane)

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4
Q

Dissolvable Antipsychotics

A

olanzapine (Zydis)
risperidone (Risperdal M-tab)

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5
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics

A

clozapine (Clozaril)*
olanzapine (Zyprexa)*
quentiapine (Seroquel)*
respiridone (Respiradol)*
Respiradol Consta*
ziprasidone (Geodon)*
aripiprazole (Abilify)*
paliperidone (Invega)*

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6
Q

what is schizophrenia

A

Is defined as a psychosis
characterized by abnormalities
in perception, content of
thought, and thought processes,
and extensive withdrawal of one’s
interest from people and the
outside world.

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7
Q

what is psychosis

A

A state in which the individual
is experiencing hallucinations,
delusions or disorganized
thoughts, speech or behavior.

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8
Q

Criteria of schizophrenia is one of….

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech

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9
Q

signs of schizophrenia must be present for how long

A

at least 6 months

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10
Q

schizophrenia interferes with a person’s ability to

A

think clearly
manage emotions
make decisions
relate to others

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11
Q

schizophrenia is most diagnosed in

A

males
urban males

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12
Q

peak age onset of schizophrenia

A

15-35

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13
Q

etiology of schizophrenia

A

Genetics
Environmental
Brain Chemistry
Substance Use

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14
Q

Earlier you start schizophrenia treatment…..

A

better the prognosis

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15
Q

10 Comorbidities of Schizophrenia

A

Substance use disorders
Nicotine dependence
Anxiety, depression, and suicide
Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease
Obesity
Malignant Neoplasm
HIV/AIDS
Osteoporosis
Hep C

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16
Q

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

hallucinations
delusions
disorganized behavior
disorganized speech

17
Q

what are hallucinations

A

Perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli. They can include all five senses:
auditory (hearing) most common; obscene, accusatory or insulting
visual (seeing) usually threatening
tactile (touch)
olfactory (smell)
gustatory (taste)

18
Q

what are command hallucinations

A

are auditory hallucinations that are in the form of commands. Can range from innocuous to commands to harm self or others

19
Q

Signs of hallucinations

A

eyes tracking
muttering or talking to self
appearing distracted
suddenly stopping conversation
watching vacant area
WATCH FOR SIGNS OF ANXIETY

20
Q

what do we want to do with someone having hallucinations

A

ask about the content to determine nature of command
Do not negate hallucination
Focus on reality
Address underlying emotion
Promote and guide reality

21
Q

what do we want to teach schizophrenia patients

A

Manage stress

Use other sounds to compete with hallucinations

Find out what is and isnt real

Engage in other activities

develop plan

Talk with self

22
Q

what are delusions

A

erroneous fixed beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable arguement

23
Q

what are the types of delusions 6

A

Grandiose: belief that one has exceptional powers,
wealth, skills, influence, destiny

Nihilistic: belief that one is dead, or a disaster is
impending

Persecutory: belief that one is being watched,
plotted against, ridiculed

Somatic: belief about abnormalities in body function or
structure

Religious: believe they have a special relationship with
God or are on a mission for God, or that they are
sinners

Referential: believe that newspaper articles, TV shows
or song lyrics are directed specifically at them

24
Q

How to treat delusions

A

Establish a therapeutic relationship
Respond to suspicion in a matter-of-fact, empathic, supportive & calm manner

Ask the client to describe his beliefs
“Tell me more about someone
trying to hurt you.”

Never debate the delusional content. Supportively convey doubt where appropriate
“Although it is frightening for you,
it seems as if it would be hard for a
girl that small to hurt you.”

Validate if part of the delusion is real.
“Yes, there was a man at the
nurse’s station, but I did not hear
him talk about you.”

ocus on the feelings or themes of the delusion
“You seem to wish you could be more
powerful.”
“It must feel frightening to believe that
others want to hurt you.”
Use reality-based interventions to help meet the client’s underlying needs. If the client believes he is powerful it may represent a sense of powerlessness. Increase the client’s power by offering options.
Acknowledge that while the belief seems very real to the client, illnesses can make things seem true even though they aren’t.
Do not dwell excessively on the delusion. Instead refocus onto reality-based topics.

25
Q

types of distorted thoughts

A

Thought Blocking: In the middle of talking about his childhood, the client abruptly pauses, after which he can’t remember what he was saying.

Thought broadcasting: “I know you know what I’m thinking. Everybody hears what I’m thinking.”

Thought withdrawal: The man continually blames his poor memory on “government agents” who he claims can steal his thoughts.

Thought insertion: The client repeatedly complains of having disturbingly violent thoughts, which, she claims, are being sent to her by Satan.

Paranoia: An irrational fear, ranging from mild (wary, guarded) to profound (believing irrationally that another person intends to kill you)

26
Q

Types of disorganized speech

A

Circumstantiality: extremely detailed & lengthy talk about a topic but gets eventually to the point

Tangentiality: extremely detailed & lengthy talk about a topic but usually doesn’t get to the point

Loose Associations: absence of normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas & topics (“I was home when the drum began beating. I flew too low.”)

Flight of Ideas: topic of conversation changes repeatedly & rapidly with only superficial associative connections (A man begins talking about his business, but quickly shifts to discussing the economy, the government, and other countries.)

Echolalia: repetition of another’s words,
pathological repetition of another’s word

Clang Association: repetition of words
that are similar in sound but in no other way
(“I heard the bell. Well, hell then I fell.”)

Stilted Language: overly & artificial formal language

Pressured Speech: as if words are being
forced out

Word Salad: string of words totally
unconnected, jumble of words meaningless
to a listener
(Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is
broken help me blue elephant.”)

Neologisms: made up words, meaning for
the patient only
(I got do angry I picked up a dish and threw it
at the geshinker.”)

Paranoia: suspiciousness that is unrealistic

Illogicality:conclusions are reached that do
not follow logically

27
Q

types of disorganized behavior

A

Aggression: behaviors or attitudes that
reflect rage
Agitation: inability to sit still or attend
to others, pacing
Catatonic Excitement: hyperactivity
characterized by purposeless
activity & abnormal movements
Echopraxia: involuntary imitation of
another’s movements & gestures
Regressed Behavior: childlike/immature
Stereotype: repetitive purposeless movements that are peculiar to the person
Hypervigilance: sustained attention to external stimuli
Waxy Flexibility: posture held in fixed position

28
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Affective Flattening or Blunting: flat or blunted emotion

ambivalence: presence of two opposing forces leading to inaction, can’t decide, stuck

Alogia: brief and lack of content verbeal responses, not able to elaborate (poverty of speech)

Avolition: inability to complete projects, assignments, or work

Anhedonia: inability to gain pleasure

Asociality: decreased desire for, or comfort during social interactions

29
Q

Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Concrete Thinking: inability to think
abstractly
Impaired memory: impacts short-term
memory and the ability to learn
Impaired information processing: delayed
responses, misperceptions or difficulty
understanding others
Impaired executive functioning: difficulty
with reasoning, setting priorities, comparing
options, planning…

30
Q

4 phases of schizophrenia

A

prodromal
acute
stabilization
maintenance or residual

31
Q

symptoms of prodromal phase

A

mild changes in thinking
reality testing and mood
speech and thought = odd or eccentric
anxiety, obessive thoughts, and compulsive behaviors may be present
deterioratoin in concentration, school/work performance and socail functioning =
distressing thoughts, suspiciousness, memory impairment and significant disorganization in speech or behavior

32
Q

symptoms of acute phaase

A

hallucinations, delusions, apathy, social withdrawal, diminished affect, anhedonia, disorganized behavior, impaired judgement, and cognitive regression result in functional impairment

33
Q

stabilzation phase

A

symptoms are stabilizing and diminishing, and there is movement toward a previous level of functioning.

34
Q

maintenance or residual phase

A

condition has stabilized, and a new baseline is established. Positive symptoms are usually absent or significantly diminished but negative symptoms continue to be a concern

35
Q

T/F which relapse in schizophrenia usually requires a longer period to recover

A

True

36
Q

major reason for schizo relapse

A

medication nonadherence

37
Q

Risk factors of Suicide with schizo

A

deprerssive symptoms
young age at onset
abscence of supportive family and friends

Psych (12 decks)

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