schizophrenia Flashcards

Question

co-morbidity

Answer 1

when the patient has two or more disorders at the same time

Answer 2

Buckley et al (2009) found that half of people with schizophrenia also have depression (50%), or substance abuse (47%). PTSD also occurred in 29% of cases, as well as OCD in 23%. ❌ not reliable -> all patients get different diagnosis so its not consistent ❌ not valid -> makes diagnosis of schizophrenia difficult so therapists may get it wrong

Answer 3

when a disorder has some of the same symptoms as another disorder

Answer 4

considerable overlap between symptoms of schizophrenia and other disorders: both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder involve positive and negative symptoms. Ellason and Ross (1995) found oeople with dissociative identity disorder have more schizophrenia symptoms than schizophrenia patients. ❌ not reliable -> different classification systems could result in less schizophrenia diagnosis’s ❌ not valid -> people with schizophrenia may not be diagnosed with schizophrenia, so therefore diagnosis is not valid

Answer 5

tendency to ignore culture differences and interpreting all phenomena through a “lens” of its own culture

Answer 6

African cultures, due to cultural beliefs, may believe that the voices they here are religious so will not look for help. Escobar (2012) found that white psychiatrists may over-interpret symptoms of black people. ❌ not reliable -> less consistent diagnosis because people are not looking for help ❌ not valid -> classification systems do not help diagnose those with religious or cultural beliefs so diagnosis is not correct

Answer 7

in the context of gender, psychological research may offer a view that does nit justifiable represent an experience of men or women

Answer 8

more men receive diagnosis compared to women. Loring and Powell (1988) randomly selected 290 male and female psychiatrists to read two case articles or patients behaviour to diagnose them. When a patient was described as ‘male’, 56% were diagnosed. When the patient was described as ‘female’, 20% were diagnosed. ❌ not reliable -> less women are diagnosed than men therefore diagnosis is inconsistent ❌ not valid -> classification systems allow gender to influence diagnosis so therefore it is inaccurate

Answer 9

Cheniaux et al (2009) had two psychiatrists independently assess the same 100 clients using the ICD-10 and the DSM-4. 68 of the 100 clients were diagnosed under the ICD and only 39 under the DSM ❌ not valid -> figures of diagnosis are completely different due to the different classification systems

Answer 10

Osorio et al (2019) reported excellent reliability for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in 180 individuals using the DSM-5. This is because pairs of interviewers achiever an inter-rater reliability of +0.97 and test-retest of +0.92 ✅ reliable -> supporting evidence with statistics shows that using the classification system alone creates consistent diagnosis

Answer 11

- genetic factors - neurochemicals - brain structure

Answer 12

- plays a major role in schizophrenia - thought to explain 50% of cases - there is no “schizogene” - it is thought a variety of genetic factors may influence the development of schizophrenia

Answer 13

research done on close relatives to compare certain traits to determine whether the genetic factors underlie these traits

Answer 14

- conducted a large scale family study Identical twins: 48% Fraternal twins: 17% Children: 13% Siblings: 9% Parents: 6% General public: 1% This study shows that genetics plays a big role in the development of schizophrenia, however it also suggests that there is other factors due to the 48% of identical twins

schizophrenia Flashcards

(39 cards)