Schizophrenia

Question 1

Classification of schizophrenia

Answer 1

Psychosis, negative and positive symptoms

Question 2

Reliability and validity in diagnosis of schizophrenia

Answer 2

Reliability: Importance, culture

Validity: Gender bias, symptom overlap, co-morbidity

Question 3

Biological explanations for schizophrenia

Answer 3

Genetic explanation: Family studies, Twin studies, Adoption studies

Neural explanation: Neural correlates, Dopamine hypothesis, Drugs that increase and decrease dopamine, Revised dopamine hypothesis, PFC-hypothalamus, Grey (ventricles) and white matter

Question 4

Psychological explanations of schizophrenia

Answer 4

Family dysfunction, double-bind theory, expressed emotion, cognitive explanations for delusions and hallucinations

Question 5

Drug therapy

Answer 5

Typical and atypical antipsychotics with their mechanisms of action

Question 6

CBTp

Answer 6

General method, six stages (AEA. NCD)

Question 7

Family therapy

Answer 7

Rationale, six stages (PFR. ERE)

KEY STUDY: Pharoah et al.

Question 8

Token economies

Answer 8

Behavioural treatment, value assigned by classical conditioning, generalised reinforcers, frequency of exchange periods

Question 9

Interactionist approach

Answer 9

Diathesis-stress (general explanation), research for ‘diathesis’ and for ‘stress’ (environmental factors), additive nature,

KEY STUDY - Tienari et al.