Schizophrenia

Question 1

what causes schizophrenia in the mesolimbic pathway

Answer 1

to much dopamine creates positive symptoms

Question 2

What causes schizophrenia in the mesocortical pathway

Answer 2

to little dopamine from the ventral tegmentum to the prefrontal cortex
causes negative symptoms

Question 3

nigrostriatal pathway and schizo

Answer 3

dopamine from the substantia nigra to the stratium located in the basal ganglia that controls movement is decreased from treatment with antipsychotics
induce parkinsonism

Question 4

schizo and tuberoinfundibular pathway

Answer 4

antipsychotics cause decreased dopamine from the hypothalamus to the pitutary gland
causes an inverse relationship with prolactin increasing it
the increased prolactin causes an inverse relationship with TSH decreasing it
symptoms: amenorrhea and galactorrhea

Question 5

First Generation Antipsychotics (Typical)

Answer 5

Haldol
Aripiprazole.
Olanzapine.
Quetiapine.
Risperidone.

Question 6

Mechanism of action first gen antipsychotics

Answer 6

D2 receptor inhibition
reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission in the four dopamine pathways.

Receptors:
Histamine
Alpha-1 adrenergic
Muscarinic-1

Question 7

Adverse effects of first gen
“anti HAM”

Answer 7

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as tremors, muscle stiffness, and restlessness
Tardive dyskinesia, a long-term movement disorder
Sedation
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Weight gain
Higher risk of diabetes
Hyperprolactinemia, which can lead to breast enlargement
Restlessness
Sexual problems

Question 8

What is a dangerous adverse drug effect of all antipsychotics

Answer 8

NMS
neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 9

2nd Gen antipsychotics (atypical)

Answer 9

Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Ziprasidone (Geodon)

Question 10

Mechanism of action atypical

Answer 10

block dopamine D2 receptors, but generally have a lower affinity for them compared to FGAs.
also block serotonin 5-HT2A receptors
**thought to be involved in their efficacy, particularly in addressing negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Receptors:
Histamine
Alpha-1 adrenergic
Muscarinic-1
serotonin 5-HT2A

Question 11

Adverse effects of 2nd gen

Answer 11

All side effects of 1st gen
** side effects less in 2nd gen except for weight gain