Schizophrenia Flashcards
(21 cards)
Schizophrenia
Characterized by major disturbances in thoughts, emotions, and or behavior
DSM-5 Criteria
2 or more of the following present during a significant amount of time for at least 1 month (at least one of the symptoms must be from the first three)
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms (affective flattening, alogia, avolition)
Social/Academic/Occupational Dysfunction (including self-care)
Signs persist for at least 6 months (with at least one month of symptoms listed above)
what are the 3 symptom categories in Schizophrenia?
Positive, Negative, and Disorganized
What are POSITIVE symptoms?
Delusions and Hallucinations
What are NEGATIVE symptoms
Flat affect, Alogia, Sociality, Apathy, and Anhedonia
What are DISORGANIZED symptoms?
Disorganized speech and Disorganized or catatonic behavior
Delusions
Erroneous belief that is fixed and firmly held despite contradictory evidence
Hallucinations:
Sensory experience that seems real but occurs in the absence of any real stimulus
What is the most common type of hallucination?
Auditory (74%)
Broca’s area hypothesis of auditory hallucinations
Broca’s area is activated, which is an area in the temporal lobe involved in speech Production!
So, suggests that hearing voices occurs when patient misinterprets their own self-generated inner speech, that is, they interpret it as coming from an outside source
Schizophreniform Disorder
Same symptoms as schizophrenia
Symptom duration greater than 1 month but less than 6 months
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Symptom duration of 1 day to 1 month
Often triggered by extreme stress, such as bereavement
Schizoaffective Disorder
Symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorder
MDD, manic, or mixed episode that co-occurs with sx of SZ, + 2 weeks where delusions and hallucinations have been present WITHOUT mood symptoms
Life time prevalence
1%
Gender ratio
1.4:1 M–>F
Comorbidity
Depression, anxiety (Panic, PTSD, OCD), substance use disorder
Prodrome
period of functional decline and gradual emergence of range of subtle psychotic sx.
Course; onset
Late adolescence, early adulthood (20s)
Endophenotypes
Discrete, stable, and measurable traits that are thought to be under genetic control
What parts of the brain does SZ effect?
Prefrontal cortex (hippocampus, amygdala anterior cingulate, and temporal gyrus), ventricles
Dopamine hypothesis
Overactivity of dopamine linked to schizophrenia
