Schizophrenia Flashcards

Question

Negative/ Soft symptoms: Inattention

Answer 1

inability to concentrate or focus on a topic or activity, regardless of its importance

Answer 2

genetic theories focus on immediate family members (parents, siblings, children)

Answer 3

frontal and temporal lobes of the brain

Answer 4

involved in memory, sensory input, language, emotion and comprehension - damage can cause disturbance of auditory, visual sensation, and perception. Also impaired organization, disturbance of language comprehension - positive signs of schizophrenia

Answer 5

controls important cognitive skills such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behavior -negative signs of schizophrenia

Answer 6

imbalance of neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate are found to play a role - dopamine and serotonin - excess dopamine as a cause

Answer 7

dopamine and serotonin | -excess dopamine as a cause or excess serotonin

Answer 8

- dopamine and serotonin antagonists - dramatically reduce psychotic symptoms and ameliorate the negative signs of schizophrenia - atypical antipsychotic

Answer 9

ideas that are considered delusional in one culture, may be commonly acceptable by other cultures - auditory or visual hallucinations, such as seeing the virgin Mary or hearing gods voice may be a normal part of religious experience in some cultures - assessment of affect requires sensitivity to differences in eye contact, body language, and acceptable emotional expression - ethnicity; genetic makeup; metabolized meds more slowly

Answer 10

- anti-psychotic medications also known as neuroleptics, are prescribed for their efficacy to decrease psychotic symptoms - do not cure, rather they manage symptoms of the disease - Convention/ First Generation--> Dopamine antagonists - Atypical/ Second Generation--> Dopamine and Serotonin Antagonists

Answer 11

- dopamine antagonists - targets the positive signs of schizophrenia such as delusions, hallucinations, disturbed thinking, and other psychotic symptoms - have no observable effect on the negative signs

Answer 12

- both dopamine and serotonin antagonists - diminish positive symptoms and lessen the negative sings of lack of volition and motivation, social withdrawal, and anhedonia - used as a first-line treatment because of fewer side effect than with conventional anti-psychotic meds

Answer 13

Dopamine and Serotonin Antagonists - Clozapine (Clozaril) - Olanzapine (Zyprexa) - Aripiprazole - Quetiapine (Seroquel) - Risperidone (Risperdal) - Ziprasidone (Geodon)

Answer 14

Dopamine Antagonist - Fluphenazine (Prolixin) - Haloperidol (Haldol) - Thiothixene (Navane) - Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Answer 15

- dystonic reactions - tardive dyskinesia - neuroleptic malignant syndrome - akathisia - EPSs or neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism - seizures - sedation - photosensitivity - weight gain - dry mouth - blurred vision - constipation - urinary retention - orthostatic hypotension

Answer 16

- Benztropine - Diphenhydramine - Amantadine - Biperiden

Answer 17

spasms in discrete muscle groups such as neck (torticollis) or eye muscle (oculogyric crisis) -accompanied by protrusion of the tongue, dysphagia and laryngeal and pharyngeal spasms that compromise the clients airway, causing a medical emergency Treatment: diphenhydramine (Benadryl) given IM or IV, or Benztropine given IM -it is a extrapyramidal side effect

Answer 18

- administer medications as ordered (diphenhydramine) - assess for effectiveness - reassure client if he/she is frightened

Answer 19

characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements such as lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing, blinking, grimacing, and choreiform movements of limbs and feet - irreversible once appears but decreasing or discontinuing the medication can arrest the progression - Clozapine recommended for clients who have experienced this while taking conventional anti-psychotics

Answer 20

assess with tool such as AIMS | -report occurrence of score increase to physician

Answer 21

to screen symptoms of movement disorders | ex: tardive dyskinesia

Answer 22

agranulocytosis

Answer 23

- Fluphenazine (conventional) - Haloperidol (conventional) - Risperidone (atypical) - Olanzapine (atypical) - Aripiprazole (atypical) - Paliperidone

Answer 24

muscle rigidity, high fever, increased muscle enzymes and leukocytes

Answer 25

- treated by stopping medication - ability to tolerate other anti-psychotic meds after NMS varies, but seems possible - stop all anti-psychotic meds - notify physician immediately

Answer 26

- delusions - form of thought - perception (hallucinations)

Answer 27

schizophrenia affects thought processes and content, perception, emotion, behavior, and social functioning -affects each individual differently

Answer 28

may vary - appear normal exhibiting no strange or unusual postures or gestures - others exhibit odd or bizarre behavior; appear disheveled and unkempt with no obvious concern for their hygiene, or may wear strange or inappropriate clothing ex: heavy wool coat in hot weather

Answer 29

may be odd - restless, unable to sit still, exhibiting agitation and pacing or appear unmoving (catatonia) - demonstrate purposeless gestures and odd facial expression such as grimacing - echopraxia - rambling speech - psychomotor retardation (sowing of all movements)

Answer 30

- waxy flexibility - stupor - motor immobility - peculiarities of voluntary movement - maintain any position in which they are placed, even if the position is awkward or uncomfortable

Answer 31

- flat affect (no facial expression) - blunted affect (few observable facial expressions) - "mask-like" - described as silly, characterized by giddy laughter for no reason - exhibit inappropriate expressions or emotions incongruent with context of situation - anhedonia - conversely, feeling all-knowing, all-powerful, not concerned with circumstance of situation

Answer 32

- Clang associations - Neologisms - Verbigeration - Echolalia - Stilted language - Perseveration - Word Salad

Answer 33

ideas that are related to one another based on sound or rhyming rather than meaning -ex: "I will take a pill if I go up the hill but not if my name is Jill, I don't want to kill"

Answer 34

words invented by the client | -ex: "I'm afraid of grittiz. If there are any grittiz here, I will have to leave."

Answer 35

is the stereotyped repetition of words of phrases that may not have meaning to the listener ex: "I want to go home, go home, go home, go home"

Answer 36

clients imitation or repetition of what the nurse says -ex: NURSE: "can you tell me how you're feeling?" CLIENT: "can you tell me how you're feeling, how you're feeling?"

Answer 37

use of words or phrases that are flowery, excessive, and pompous ex: "would you be so kind, as representative of Florence Nightingale, as to do me the honor of providing just a wee bit of refreshment, perhaps in the form of some clear spring water?"

Answer 38

persistent adherence to a single idea or topic and verbal repetition of a sentence, phrase, or word, even when another person attempts to change the topic ex: NURSE: "how have you been sleeping lately?" CLIENT: "I think people have been following me" NURSE: "where do you live?" CLIENT: "at my place people have been following me." NURSE: "what do you like to do in your free time?" CLIENT: "nothing because people are following me"

Answer 39

combination of jumbled words and phrases that are disconnected and incoherent and make no sense to the listener ex: "corn, potatoes, jumps up, play games, grass, cupboard"

Answer 40

- thought disorder; primary feature of disease - thought process disordered, and continuity of thought and information processing is disrupted - thought broadcasting - thought blocking - thought withdrawal - thought insertion - tangential thinking - poverty of content (alogia)

Answer 41

client may suddenly stop talking in the middle of a sentence and remain silent for several seconds to 1 minute

Answer 42

may state that they believe others can hear their thoughts

Answer 43

believe others are taking their thoughts

Answer 44

believe that others are placing thoughts in their mind against their will

Answer 45

veering onto unrelated topics and never answering the original question -gives unnecessary details or strays from the topic but eventually provides the requested information

Answer 46

lack of any real meaning or substance in what the client says -speak little -ex: NURSE: "how have you been sleeping lately?" CLIENT: "well, I guess, I don't know, hard to tell"

Answer 47

fixed, false beliefs with o basis in reality - part of psychotic phase of illness - common characteristic is the direct, immediate, and total certainty with which the client holds these beliefs - he/she acts according to delusions

Answer 48

- Persecutory/ Paranoid | - Referential

Answer 49

involve the clients beliefs that "others" are planning to harm him or her or are spying, following, ridiculing, or belittling the client in some way - sometimes client cannot define who the "others" are - Ex: Clients may think that food has been poisoned or that rooms are bugged with listening devices - "persecutor" is government, FBI, or another powerful organization - specific individuals or family members can be the "prosecutor"

Answer 50

or ideas of reference, involve the clients belief that television, broadcasts, music, or newspaper articles have special meaning to him/ her

Answer 51

- hallmark symptom of schizophrenic psychosis is hallucinations - disoriented to time, sometimes to place - depersonalization - poor intellectual functioning - difficulty with abstract thinking (legitimate)

Answer 52

false sensory perceptions, or perceptual experiences that do not exist in reality - can involve 5 sense and bodily sensations - distinguished from illusions - perceives these as real but later in illness recognizes them as hallucinations

Answer 53

Auditory Hallucinations | >command

Answer 54

most common - involve hearing sounds, most often voices, talking to or about the client - may be one or multiple voices; a familiar or unfamiliar persons voice may be speaking

Answer 55

type of auditory hallucination | -voices demanding the client to take action often to harm the self or others and are considered dangerous

Answer 56

client feels detached from his or her behavior -although the client can state his/ her name correctly, he/she feels as if their body belongs to someone else or that their spirit is detached from the body

Answer 57

- deterioration of the concept of self - "loss of ego boundaries" - may believe they are fused with another person or object, may not recognize body parts as their own, or may fail to know whether they are male or female

Answer 58

describes lack of clear sense of their own body, mind, and influence end and where those aspects of other animate and inanimate objects begin

Answer 59

- social isolation - low self-esteem - lack confidence - feel strange or different from others - experience great frustration with fulfillment of roles - success in school or work can be compromised because of difficulty thinking clearly, remembering, paying attention, and concentrating - frightens and embarrasses family

Answer 60

- self-care deficits - inattention to hygiene and grooming - occupied in delusions or hallucinations; fail to perform basic activities of daily living - fail to recognize sensations of hunger or thirst; malnourishment, constipation - unable to sit down long enough to eat, needs finger foods high in protein and nutrients - develop polydipsia - sleep problems; insomnia

Answer 61

excessive water intake - leads to water intoxication - serum sodium levels to become too low, leading to seizures

Answer 62

- risk for other-directed violence - risk for suicide - disturbed thought process - disturbed sensory perception - disturbed personal identity - impaired verbal communication

Answer 63

- self-care deficit - social isolation - deficient diversional activity - ineffective health management - ineffective therapeutic regimen management

Answer 64

used as a first line treatment because of fewer side effects than with conventional or typical anti-psychotics - Aripiprazole (Abilify) - Clozapine (Clozaril) - Olanzapine (Zyprexa) - Risperidone (Risperdal) - Quetiapine (Seroquel) - Ziprasidone (Geodon)

Answer 65

- promoting safety of patient and others - establishing a therapeutic relationship via trust - using therapeutic communication (clarifying feelings and statements when speech and thoughts are disorganized or confused) - implementing interventions for delusional thoughts

Answer 66

- do not openly confront the delusion or argue with client - establish and maintain reality for the client-- listen to what the patient is saying - use distracting techniques; work with staff one to one, then small group - teach positive self talk, positive thinking, and to ignore delusions

Answer 67

- help present and maintain reality by frequent contact and communication - elicit description of hallucination to protect client and others. Understanding hallucination helps know how to calm or reassure patient-- listen to what the patient is saying - engage in reality based activities; card playing, occupational therapy, or listening to music

Answer 68

- redirect patient away from problem situations--taking the patient to a quiet area away from public - in a nonjudgmental and matter- of- fact manner, give factual statements - attempt to re-integrate patient into treatment milieu as soon as possible; 1:1, 1:2, small group - don't make patient feel punished or shunned for their behavior - teach social skills through education, role-playing and practice

Answer 69

telling the voices to go away - teaching to talk back to the voices forcefully may help manage auditory hallucinations - done in private

Answer 70

- drink sugar-free liquids - sugar free hard candy to ease anti-cholinergic effect of dry mouth - avoid calorie-laden beverages and candy; promote dental caries, weight gain, do little to reduce dry mouth - constipation; increase water and bulk-forming foods in diet; avoid laxatives - photosensitivity; sunscreen, avoid long hours in the sun - orthostatic hypotension; rise slowly - monitor sleepiness and drowsiness; sedation

Answer 71

provides a clear picture bout the clients difficulties with medication adherence - questionnaire with 10 yes-or no questions clients can answer easily - guide staff in identifying strategies to improve compliance if used on a regular basis

Schizophrenia Flashcards

(95 cards)