Schizophrénie Flashcards
(186 cards)
list the first rank symptoms of schizophrenia
auditory hallucinations
thought withdrawal, insertion or interruption
thought broadcasting
somatic hallucinations
delusional perception
feelings or actions controlled by external agents
list the four negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia
affective flattening
avolition
alogia
anhedonia
what are the core negative symptoms of schizophrenia
affective flattening
avolition
what is considered the appropriate standard wait time for a scheduled, non-urgent first episode referral psychosis by the CPA
2 weeks
in which patients do the guidelines recommend neuropsychological testing in the assessment of schizophrenia/related disorders
those presenting with first episode psychosis and those with poor responses to treatment
may be important for documenting cognitive deficits and for treatment and academic planning
what are signs and symptoms suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis (that may prompt MRI)
new focal CNS findings
seizures not explained by a previously known seizure disorder
rapid progression of working memory deficits over less than 3 months
what is the benefit of using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia when assessing for depressive symptoms in schizophrenia/related disorders
reliable and valid
developed to assess depression in schizophrenia/related disorders INDEPENDENT of negative symptoms
do command hallucinations carry higher risk of suicide?
yes
is physical violence toward other people common in those presenting with first episode psychosis
no
is there established clinical superiority for a specific antipsychotic in first episode psychosis? what about antipsychotic class?
no establish superiority in either case in terms of clinical outcomes
however, there is differences in terms of side effect profiles (and this is often what guides treatment decision)
how long should a first trial of an antipsychotic be in first episode psychosis?
at least TWO WEEKS unless there are significant tolerability issues
how long should you wait after starting a medication in first episode psychosis before considering change in antipsychotic?
FOUR weeks
if no response to medication after 4 weeks, despite dose optimization, should consider change in agent
what do you do if there is a partial response to initial antipsychotic after 4 weeks but not robust response?
in this case, reassess after 8 weeks unless there are significant adverse events
what is an adequate trial of antipsychotic in terms of duration
between 4-6 weeks on adequate therapeutic dose (midpoint or beyond of the licensed dose range)
how long should someone be treated with antipsychotic agent after first episode of schizophrenia/related disorders
at least 18 months FOLLOWING resolution of positive symptoms
how much higher is the risk of first or second relapse in those not taking medication compared to those who are in schizophrenia/related disorders
risk of first or second relapse was 5x HIGHER in those not taking medication as compated to those who were
what maintenance dose of antipsychotic therapy should be offered to patients who suffer an acute episode of schizophrenia/related disorders (NOT first episode)
at low or moderate regular dosing of:
300-400mg of chloropromazine equivalents
/
4-6mg risperidone equivalents
how long should maintenance therapy be planned for after acute episode of schizophrenia/related disorders
2 years–> possibly up to 5 years
how does risk of rehospitalization change for those on LAI vs oral agents
risk of rehospitalization in patients on LAIs is 1/3 of that for patients on oral treatment according to a nation wide registry study
what % reduction in positive or negative symptoms is required in order to be considered to have responded favorably to a medication trial
at least 20% reduction in symptoms
list some of the benefits observed when employing CBT for psychosis
reduces symptom severity, hospitalization and relapse
also showed significant benefit on level of depression
what pharmacotherapy should be considered to help people with schizophrenia stop smoking
NRT for people with psychosis or schizophrenia
BUPROPRION for those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
VARENICLINE for those with psychosis or schizophrenia
what should you warn patients about if you prescribe buproprion or varenicline for smoking
increased risk of adverse neuropsychiatric symptoms (particularly in first 2-3 weeks)
i.e sleep impairment, suicidality, reemergence of psychotic symptoms
which pharmacologic intervention currently has the most evidence for stopping smoking in those with schizophrenia
buproprion
(whereas for those without schizophrenia, varenicline seems to have the best evidence) –> thus buproprion is recommended first then varenicline for those with schizophrenia