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Neuro 2 > SCI Intro pt 1 > Flashcards

SCI Intro pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

central gray matter primarily consists of ____ and ____

A

nerve cell bodies, terminal axons

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2
Q

central gray matter also contains ____ and ____

A

neuroglia, blood vessels

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3
Q

where can you find the central canal, and what does it contain?

A

-Found in the Intermediate Zone
-Contains CSF

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4
Q

the intermediate zone houses ____ and other specialized nuclei

A

interneurons

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5
Q

where are the lateral horns found, and what do they contain?

A

-Contain cell bodies of autonomic preganglionic neurons
-T1 - L2 (sympathetic)
-S2 - S4 (parasympathetic)

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6
Q

does white matter increase or decrease as you move from caudal to cranial?

A

increase

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7
Q

volume of gray matter is highest in the ____ and ____ regions

A

cervical, lumbosacral

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8
Q

anterior spinal artery directly branches off the ____ artery and runs along the ventral surface of the SC

A

vertebral

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9
Q

anterior spinal artery supplies how much of the SC?

A

2/3

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10
Q

where does the posterior spinal artery come from?

A

right off the vertebral artery OR branches off PICA

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11
Q

what part of the SC does the posterior spinal artery supply?

A

posterior 1/3

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12
Q

what is the region of vulnerability?

A

-T4 - T8
-has dec perfusion compared to the rest of the SC
-most susceptible to infarct

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13
Q

functions of the sympathetic NS

A

Pupil dilation
Bronchodilation
Cardiac acceleration
Digestive inhibition
Piloerection
Systemic vasoconstriction
Stimulation of glucose release

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14
Q

functions of the parasympathetic NS

A

Pupil constriction
Bronchoconstriction
Cardiac deceleration
Digestion stimulation
Salivation
Lacrimation
Intestinal vasodilation

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15
Q

SCI at or above T6 → will see some kind of ____ dysfunction

A

ANS

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16
Q

what is the most common mechanism for lumbar SCI?

A

-Flexion
-Ex: MVA, struck from behind

17
Q

what is the most common mechanism for cervical SCI?

A

-Flexion-rotation
-Results in torn ligaments and dislocation

18
Q

what is an example of a mechanism for a compression injury?

A

-Landing with feet first
-Causes burst fx in vertebral bodies

19
Q

hyperextension is almost exclusively seen in what part of the spine?

A

cervical

20
Q

what are some non-traumatic causes of SCI?

A

-Disc prolapse
-Vascular insult
-Infection

21
Q

what demographic is at highest risk for SCI?

A

males 20-29 and 70+ y/o

22
Q

which cervical vertebrae are the most common to see involved in an SCI?

A

-C4 - C7 = most frequently involved areas of injury
-C5 and C7 = MOST common bc they have highest degree of mobility

23
Q

do thoracic SCIs usually occur in the upper or lower T-spine?

A

lower

24
Q

T/F: the T-spine is more likely to be injured from traumatic causes

A

False! The T-spine is LESS likely to be injured from traumatic causes d/t rib cage and higher stability as compared to cervical region

25
Q

what is the most common site of T-spine injury?

A

thoracolumbar junction (T12-L1)

26
Q

what is a common MOI for the T-spine?

A

flexion OR vertical compression

27
Q

do lumbar SCIs usually occur in the upper or lower lx region?

A

upper bc the lower has thicker bodies and protection from the pelvis

28
Q

are lumbar SCIs typically complete or incomplete?

A

incomplete d/t large vertebral canal and relatively good vascular supply

29
Q

most lumbar SCIs occur where?

A

L1

30
Q

what type of SCI occurs more frequently: complete or incomplete?

A

incomplete (BUT with paraplegia, complete v incomplete is about equal)

31
Q

incidence of SCI based on region

A

cervical > thoracic > lumbar

32
Q

what is the most frequent type of SCI?

A

incomplete tetraplegia

33
Q

what is spinal shock?

A

-Temporary phenomenon w injuries T6 and above
-Cord in its entirety ceases to function below the lesion
-Loss of sympathetic tone
-Huge BP fluctuations: dangerously high → crash

34
Q

how long does it usually take for spinal shock to resolve?

A

within 24h → several days of the injury

35
Q

what is the first thing to return when spinal shock resolves?

A

sacral/anal reflexes

36
Q

what is autonomic dysreflexia?

A

-Overactivity of the ANS w damage to T6 or above
-Body overreacts to an irritating stimulus below level of SCI

37
Q

what is the most common trigger of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

full bladder (can be from catheter getting kinked)

38
Q

symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia

A

-Pounding HA (due to high BP)
-Goosebumps
-Sweating above level of injury
-Bradycardia
-Check for flushing

39
Q

what should you do if your pt starts experiencing autonomic dysreflexia?

A

-If pt is lying down, sit them up immediately
-If already in sitting, remain in sitting (DO NOT LIE THEM DOWN), perform pressure relief
-Check catheter, clothing, skin
Initiate emergency response if not resolved within 10 min

Neuro 2 (6 decks)

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