Sci Lit in Psych 2 Flashcards
Directional Hypothesis
Make specific assertions regarding the direction and strength of relationships
Non-directional Hypothesis
Make general assertions that there will be a differential outcome
Research Purpose
“Explore” or “investigate” a new area
Research Question
Ask a complex question
Operational Definition
Provides a scientific and measurable description of a construct
Fosters replication and quantification of processes and constructs
What makes a high-quality sample?
- Adequate size
- Unbiased
Unbiased Sample
Simple random sample
Sample of Convenience
- Biased
- People are sampled b/c they are easy to access
Failure to Identify
- Biased
- If a researcher fails to identify all members of the population
- ex: homeless people
Volunteerism
- Biased
- Respondents answer a formal call
- Only some from a random pool choose to participate
- Respondents answer a formal call
- only sickest or healthiest may volunteer
What to do if the sample is not representative of the demographic characteristics of the population?
Use special methods of analysis
Report the sample’s demographic characteristics honestly and allow the reader to make their own generalizations
Mortality
When participants drop out of the study mid-participation
causes bias
Average
measure of central tendency
Mean
Value around which all deviations sum to zero
“Balance point”
Sensitive to extreme scores
Which measure of central tendency is most frequently used?
Mean