Sci Lit in Psych 2

Question 1

Directional Hypothesis

Answer 1

Make specific assertions regarding the direction and strength of relationships

Question 2

Non-directional Hypothesis

Answer 2

Make general assertions that there will be a differential outcome

Question 3

Research Purpose

Answer 3

“Explore” or “investigate” a new area

Question 4

Research Question

Answer 4

Ask a complex question

Question 5

Operational Definition

Answer 5

Provides a scientific and measurable description of a construct
Fosters replication and quantification of processes and constructs

Question 6

What makes a high-quality sample?

Answer 6

• Adequate size

- Unbiased

Question 7

Unbiased Sample

Answer 7

Simple random sample

Question 8

Sample of Convenience

Answer 8

• Biased

- People are sampled b/c they are easy to access

Question 9

Failure to Identify

Answer 9

• Biased
• If a researcher fails to identify all members of the population
• ex: homeless people

Question 10

Volunteerism

Answer 10

• Biased
• 1. Respondents answer a formal call
     
     2. Only some from a random pool choose to participate
• only sickest or healthiest may volunteer

Question 11

What to do if the sample is not representative of the demographic characteristics of the population?

Answer 11

Use special methods of analysis

Report the sample’s demographic characteristics honestly and allow the reader to make their own generalizations

Question 12

Mortality

Answer 12

When participants drop out of the study mid-participation

causes bias

Question 13

Average

Answer 13

measure of central tendency

Question 14

Mean

Answer 14

Value around which all deviations sum to zero
“Balance point”
Sensitive to extreme scores

Question 15

Which measure of central tendency is most frequently used?

Answer 15

Mean

Question 16

Standard Deviation

Answer 16

Measure of variability

Amount by which participants vary around a mean

Question 17

If the distribution is normal, what percentage of scores will fall within 1 sd of the mean?
Above the mean?
Below the mean?

Answer 17

68%
34%
34%

Question 18

Interquartile Range (IQR)

Answer 18

Measure of variability when using the median

The range between 2 quarters

Question 19

Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r)

Answer 19

Used to examine the strength of the relationship between 2 scores measured on the ratio or interval level

Question 20

Value of r when 2 variables are perfectly unrelated

Answer 20

0.00

Question 21

Coefficient of Determination (r^2)

Answer 21

Percentage of variance accounted for

Question 22

5 purposes of data displays

Answer 22

1. Exploration
2. Communication
3. Calculation
4. Storage
5. Decoration

Question 23

Data displays must be…

Answer 23

Flexible
Adaptive
Robust

Question 24

If you reproduce from a copyrighted source you must do what 2 things?

Answer 24

Obtain permission

Give credit to original author

Question 25

5 criteria to determine practical significance

Answer 25

1. Cost-benefit analysis 2. Crucial difference 3. Client acceptability 4. Public and political acceptability 5. Ethical and legal implications