Science 10 Review

Question 1

What is WHMIS?

Answer 1

Symbols on chemicals; workplace hazardous materials information system

Question 2

What is SDS?

Answer 2

Safety Data Sheet; come with every chemical order

Question 3

What is a proton?

Answer 3

p+ has a positive charge, found in nucleus

Question 4

What is a neutron?

Answer 4

n0 zero charfge, found in nucleus

Question 5

What is an electron?

Answer 5

e- has a negative charge, found in cloud region around nucleus

Question 6

What is an isotope?

Answer 6

Atoms with a different number of neutrons

Question 7

How is the periodic table organized?

Answer 7

In groups from 1-18 and periods 1-7

Question 8

What does the last digit of the group number tell you?

Answer 8

the number of valence electrons

Question 9

What does the period number tell you?

Answer 9

number of energy levels with electrons

Question 10

What are ions?

Answer 10

Particles/groups of particles that have a net charge

Question 11

What is the octet rule?

Answer 11

neutral atoms are unstable with unfull valence shells, so they try to create a full valence level by giving or taking electrons

Question 12

What do metals become?

Answer 12

They gtive away electrons and become positive cations

Question 13

What do non-metals become?

Answer 13

They take electrons and become negative anions

Question 14

What do metals exist as ?

Answer 14

Single ions

Question 15

What elements do not exist as single atoms?

Answer 15

non-metals and hydrogen

Question 16

What are the diatomic elements?

Answer 16

Have Hydrogen
No Nitrogen
Fear Fluoride
Of Oxygen
Ice Iodide
Cold Chlorine
Beer Bromine

Question 17

How are ionic compounds made?

Answer 17

Metal + non-metal/polyatomic ions

Charges must balance

Question 18

How are ionic compounds named?

Answer 18

First ion (brackets for charge if multivalent), second ion, -ide

Question 19

What are hydrated compounds?

Answer 19

Ionic compounds containing water in their structure

Water is represented by *xH2O where x is the number of water molecules

Question 20

How to name hydrated compounds?

Answer 20

Name ionic compound, add prefix according to number of water molecules and -hydrate

Question 21

How are molecular compounds made?

Answer 21

non metals only (no charges involved)

Question 22

How do you name molecular compounds?

Answer 22

first element (prefix if more than one), second element with prefix, -ide

Question 23

What are acids?

Answer 23

Always aqueous, always have hydrogen

Question 24

What are the rules for naming acids?

Answer 24

hydrogen chlor-ide = hydrochloric acid

hydrogen phosph-ate = phosphoric acid

hydrogen phosph-ite = phosphorus acid

Question 25

What are the states of elements?

Answer 25

can be (s), (g), or (l); see periodic table

Question 26

What are the states of molecular compounds?

Answer 26

can be (s), (g), or (l)

Question 27

What are the states of ionic compounds?

Answer 27

If a solution (s) or (aq), if not a solution alwasy (s); see solubility chart

Question 28

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 28

Releases heat

Question 29

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 29

Holds in heat

Question 30

What are the different types of chemical reactions?

Answer 30

- hydrocarbon combustion - simple composition - simp0le decomposition - single replacement - double replacement

Question 31

What is a hydrocarbon combustion?

Answer 31

C?H? + O_2(g) = CO_2(g) + H_2O(g)

Question 32

What is a simple composition?

Answer 32

element + element = compound

Question 33

What is a single decomposition?

Answer 33

compound = element + element

Question 34

What is a single replacement?

Answer 34

AB + C = A + BC

Question 35

What is a double replacement?

Answer 35

AB + CD = AD + BC

Question 36

What is the law of conservation of matter?

Answer 36

Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only change forms (must balance chemical equations to conserve matter)

Question 37

What do Sig Digs include?

Answer 37

- any digit from 1 to 9 - trailing zeros - "sandwich" zeros

Question 38

How to round addition/subtraction problems?

Answer 38

Round to the lowest number of decimal places

Question 39

How to round multiplication/division problems?

Answer 39

Round to the lowest number of sig digs

Question 40

What is the mole?

Answer 40

Avogadro's number; 6.02*10^23

Question 41

What is molar mass?

Answer 41

Sum of the individual atomic masses for each element in a compound

Question 42

Describe the molar mass formula

Answer 42

M = m/n M- molar mass (g/mol) m- mass (g0 n- number of moles (mol)