Science

Question 1

What are the main parts of the brain?

Answer 1

Cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, medulla (brain stem), pituitary gland

Each part has distinct functions in the brain’s overall operation.

Question 2

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 2

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

It processes information and coordinates activity.

Question 3

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 3

The part of the nervous system outside the CNS, including all nerves

It connects the CNS to limbs and organs.

Question 4

What are efferent pathways?

Answer 4

Nerve pathways that carry signals away from the CNS to effectors

They are involved in motor functions.

Question 5

What are afferent pathways?

Answer 5

Nerve pathways that carry signals towards the CNS from sensory receptors

They are involved in sensory functions.

Question 6

What are the actions of the sympathetic division of the PNS?

Answer 6

Prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’ response

Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and inhibits digestion.

Question 7

What are the actions of the parasympathetic division of the PNS?

Answer 7

Promotes ‘rest and digest’ activities

Decreases heart rate, constricts pupils, and stimulates digestion.

Question 8

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 8

Cell body, dendrite, axon, synaptic knob, myelin sheath

Each part plays a role in nerve impulse transmission.

Question 9

What is the direction of impulse travel in a neuron?

Answer 9

Dendrites to cell body to axon to synaptic knob

This pathway allows for effective communication between neurons.

Question 10

What is a sensory neuron?

Answer 10

A neuron that transmits sensory information to the CNS

It detects stimuli from the environment.

Question 11

What is a motor neuron?

Answer 11

A neuron that carries signals from the CNS to muscles or glands

It initiates movement or glandular response.

Question 12

What is an inter (relay) neuron?

Answer 12

A neuron that connects sensory and motor neurons in the CNS

It processes information and coordinates responses.

Question 13

What happens at a synapse?

Answer 13

Neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals between neurons

This process is crucial for communication in the nervous system.

Question 14

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 14

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse

They play a key role in nerve transmission.

Question 15

What are mechanoreceptors?

Answer 15

Receptors that respond to mechanical pressure or distortion

Found in skin, muscles, and internal organs.

Question 16

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 16

Receptors that respond to chemical stimuli

They are involved in taste and smell.

Question 17

What are thermoreceptors?

Answer 17

Receptors that respond to temperature changes

They help regulate body temperature.

Question 18

What are photoreceptors?

Answer 18

Receptors that respond to light

They are crucial for vision.

Question 19

What are the components of a reflex arc?

Answer 19

Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

This pathway enables quick reflex actions.

Question 20

What is the purpose of reflex actions?

Answer 20

To provide a rapid response to stimuli without conscious thought

Examples include pulling back from a hot surface.

Question 21

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 21

To regulate bodily functions through hormones

It influences growth, metabolism, and mood.

Question 22

What is the role of hormones?

Answer 22

Chemical messengers that affect target cells to regulate physiological processes

They can influence growth, metabolism, and mood.

Question 23

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 23

At the base of the brain, beneath the hypothalamus

It is often referred to as the master gland.

Question 24

What hormones does the thyroid produce?

Answer 24

Thyroxine

It regulates metabolism.

Question 25

What hormones does the pancreas produce?

Answer 25

Insulin, glucagon ## Footnote They regulate blood glucose levels.

Question 26

What hormones do the adrenal glands produce?

Answer 26

Adrenaline ## Footnote It prepares the body for stress responses.

Question 27

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

Answer 27

Oestrogen, progesterone ## Footnote They regulate female reproductive functions.

Question 28

What hormone do the testes produce?

Answer 28

Testosterone ## Footnote It regulates male reproductive functions.

Question 29

What is the effect of growth hormone on the body?

Answer 29

Stimulates growth and cell reproduction ## Footnote It is crucial during childhood and adolescence.

Question 30

What is the effect of thyroxine on the body?

Answer 30

Regulates metabolism and energy levels ## Footnote It influences how quickly the body uses energy.

Question 31

What is diabetes?

Answer 31

A disorder of the endocrine system characterized by high blood sugar levels ## Footnote It can be type 1 or type 2.

Question 32

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 32

An overproduction of thyroid hormones ## Footnote It can lead to weight loss and increased heart rate.

Question 33

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 33

An underproduction of thyroid hormones ## Footnote It can result in weight gain and fatigue.

Question 34

What is homeostasis?

Answer 34

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in the body ## Footnote It includes regulation of temperature, pH, and glucose levels.

Question 35

What is a negative feedback loop?

Answer 35

A process that counteracts a change to maintain homeostasis ## Footnote It helps return the system to its set point.

Question 36

What are examples of homeostasis in the body?

Answer 36

Temperature control, blood glucose regulation ## Footnote These processes keep internal conditions stable.

Question 37

How does the body regulate temperature in hot conditions?

Answer 37

Through sweating and vasodilation ## Footnote This helps to cool the body down.

Question 38

How does the body regulate temperature in cold conditions?

Answer 38

Through shivering and vasoconstriction ## Footnote This helps to conserve heat.

Question 39

How does the body regulate blood glucose levels?

Answer 39

Through the actions of insulin and glucagon ## Footnote Insulin lowers blood sugar, while glucagon raises it.

Question 40

What is the role of the Cerebrum?

Answer 40

Thinking, memory, voluntary movements, senses

Question 41

What is the role of the Cerebellum?

Answer 41

Balance, coordination, fine motor skills

Question 42

What is the role of the Medulla?

Answer 42

Breathing, heart rate, digestion, reflexes

Question 43

What is the role of the Pituitary Gland?

Answer 43

Controls hormones, growth, metabolism

Question 44

What is the role of the Hypothalamus?

Answer 44

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormones

Question 45

Cerebrum is the ______ part of the brain, covering the _______.

Answer 45

Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, covering the top and front.

Question 46

Cerebellum is located at the ______ of the brain, below the _______.

Answer 46

Cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum.

Question 47

Medulla (Brainstem) is found at the ______ of the brain, connecting to the _______.

Answer 47

Medulla (Brainstem) is found at the base of the brain, connecting to the spinal cord.

Question 48

Pituitary Gland is a small gland located ______ the brain, just below the _______.

Answer 48

Pituitary Gland is a small gland located at the centre of the brain, just below the hypothalamus.

Question 49

Hypothalamus is located ______ the brain, just above the _______ gland.

Answer 49

Hypothalamus is located deep inside the brain, just above the pituitary gland.

Question 50

The _______ controls balance and coordination.

Answer 50

The cerebellum controls balance and coordination.

Question 51

The _______ is responsible for thinking, memory, and voluntary movements.

Answer 51

The cerebrum is responsible for thinking, memory, and voluntary movements.

Question 52

The _______ connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls breathing and heart rate.

Answer 52

The medulla (brainstem) connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls breathing and heart rate.

Question 53

The _______ is known as the "master gland" because it controls hormone release.

Answer 53

The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland" because it controls hormone release.

Question 54

The _______ regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Answer 54

The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Question 55

The cerebellum is located at the _______ of the brain.

Answer 55

The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain.

Question 56

The pituitary gland is found just below the _______.

Answer 56

The pituitary gland is found just below the hypothalamus.

Question 57

The medulla oblongata is part of the _______.

Answer 57

The medulla oblongata is part of the brainstem.

Question 58

Which part of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information?

Answer 58

Cerebrum

Question 59

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

Answer 59

Balance and coordination

Question 60

Which part of the brain directly controls hormone production?

Answer 60

Pituitary gland

Question 61

The hypothalamus works closely with which other brain structure?

Answer 61

Pituitary gland