science

Question 1

What are the three lines of defense in the human body?

Answer 1

The three lines of defense are the physical and chemical barriers, the innate immune response, and the adaptive immune response.

Question 2

True or False: The skin is part of the body’s first line of defense.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The first line of defense includes physical barriers like the skin and _______.

Answer 3

mucous membranes

Question 4

What is the role of the innate immune response?

Answer 4

The innate immune response provides immediate, non-specific defense against pathogens.

Question 5

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT part of the adaptive immune response? A) T cells B) B cells C) Skin

Answer 5

C) Skin

Question 6

Define disease.

Answer 6

A disease is a disorder of structure or function in a living organism that produces specific symptoms and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.

Question 7

True or False: Pathogens can only be bacteria.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

List four types of pathogens.

Answer 8

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Question 9

What is the function of antibodies in the immune system?

Answer 9

Antibodies help identify and neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The second line of defense involves _______ cells that respond to infection.

Answer 10

white blood

Question 11

Multiple choice: Which type of pathogen is typically treated with antibiotics? A) Virus B) Bacteria C) Fungi

Answer 11

B) Bacteria

Question 12

What is the primary function of the skin in the first line of defense?

Answer 12

To act as a physical barrier to protect against pathogens.

Question 13

True or False: Vaccines are a method of preparing the body’s adaptive immune response.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is a pathogen?

Answer 14

A pathogen is any microorganism that can cause disease.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The third line of defense is characterized by _______ immunity.

Answer 15

adaptive

Question 16

What do we call the substances produced by pathogens that can cause disease?

Answer 16

Toxins

Question 17

Multiple choice: Which immune response is slower but provides long-term immunity? A) Innate B) Adaptive C) Both

Answer 17

B) Adaptive

Question 18

True or False: The body’s innate immune response is specific to particular pathogens.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What is the role of phagocytes in the immune system?

Answer 19

Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: _______ are the cells responsible for producing antibodies.

Answer 20

B cells

Question 21

What is the term for the body’s ability to resist infection?

Answer 21

Immunity

Question 22

True or False: All diseases are caused by pathogens.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What type of pathogen is responsible for illnesses like the flu?

Answer 23

Virus

Question 24

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi? A) Multicellular B) Unicellular C) Both A and B

Answer 24

C) Both A and B

Question 25

What is an antigen?

Answer 25

An antigen is a substance that triggers an immune response.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The body’s first line of defense includes _______ barriers.

Answer 26

physical and chemical