Science Flashcards
(10 cards)
What are Newton’s three laws and provide the definitions of each? Provide all 3 to a real-world example.
Newton’s three laws are the
law of inertia which states that an object at rest or in motion will stay at rest or in motion unless acted upon, for example it I place something on the desk it will stay there unless acted upon.
The law of acceleration of an object’s acceleration is proportional to the amount of force being applied, if you kick a ball it will go farther depending on how hard you kick it or how much force you apply. and
the law of motion for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, when you shoot a gun the bullet is projected in one direction, and the recoil is the equal and opposite reaction
What is gravity? How does it work in our universe?
An invisible force that pulls objects towards each other depending on how much mass an object has
What are the forms of energy? Provide examples or explain 3 of them.
The main forms of energy are mechanical, thermal, chemical, nuclear, gravitational, and electrical.
Thermal energy is energy released from heat, boils water is an example.
chemical energy is energy released from chemical reactions such as digesting food,
gravitational energy is the energy released from the pulling force of planets and other celestial bodies
What is a fossil? Provide at least 4 ways fossilization is unable to be successful.
A fossil is the preserved remains of prehistoric animals.
Ways fossilization can fail areTectonic activity, scavengers, decay, and erosion
What is the difference between absolute age and relative age?
Absolute age is when fossils are measured in absolute years and relative age is when a fossil is measured in comparison to other fossils without being given an exact date.
Provide 4 natural extinction factors and 4 human-made extinction factors.
Overharvesting,
destruction of natural environments, hunting,
conversion of natural ecosystems
example of four natural extinction factors are
climate change,
competition for resources,
volcanic activity,
and asteroid/comet impact
What is natural selection? Provide the 5 steps.
Natural selection is when organisms are born with random desirable traits that allow them to survive long enough to reproduce.
Five steps:
variation,
Inheritance
Selection
Time
Adaptation
8) What are physical and behavioral traits? Provide 2 examples for each.
physical traits are characteristics that are observable like eye color and fur/ scale patterns,
behavioral traits are instincts animals have to do specific things like hibernate or migrate
What is artificial selection?
Artificial selection is the process of choosing desirable traits and continuing to make offspring that have desirable traits
What is a wave? Explain what a transverse wave is and what a compressional wave is.
A wave is a disturbance in a medium that carry’s energy without a net movement of particles
A transverse wave is where particles move perpendicular to the direction of the waves trace
a compressional wave is where particles vibrate back and forth parallel to the motion of the energy
