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Yr 10 Exams > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Heredity def

A

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

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2
Q

DNA def

A

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

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3
Q

Three parts of neucleotides

A

Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar

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4
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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5
Q

Trait def

A

physical characteristic that can be passes from one generation to another

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6
Q

what is the basic sub-unit of DNA

A

nucleotides

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7
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

the basic unit (monomer) of DNA

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8
Q

What is DNA

A

the ‘code for life’ used by all living things (a blue print of you genetic traits)

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9
Q

What does DNA contain

A

all the info for all the reactions and structures in living things, ensuring that the info can be passed on to the next generation

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10
Q

a section of DNA that codes for a specific trait (a specific stretch of nucleotides - recipe) is called a

A

gene

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11
Q

can gene codes for a trait be seen or unseen

A

both

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12
Q

example of a gene code for a trait

A

hair colour

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13
Q

Who discovered the structure of DNA

A

Roslind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, Fransis Crick and James Watson

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14
Q

what shape does DNA have

A

a double twisted ladder called a double helix

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15
Q

Genetics def

A

study of heredity

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16
Q

what are nitrogenous bases made of

A

either adenine and thymine or guanine and cytosine

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17
Q

who am I? my role is to give each organism their own personal genes and traits.

A

DNA

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18
Q

Adenline always matches with

A

thymine

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19
Q

Cytosine always matches with

A

guanine

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20
Q

what is a chromosome

A

packed and organised DNA collied up to form an x shaped bundle

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21
Q

what is a geneome

A

the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism

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22
Q

How many chromosomes do each person have

A

46, 23 from mother, 23 from father

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23
Q

The process where sperm and egg cells fuse together to form a new individual is called

A

fertilisation

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24
Q

how much genetic info is required from the egg and sperm cells to make a new individual

A

half

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25
what is a karyotype
an organised profile of a persons chromosome
26
what is DNA replication
the process where a double strand DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA strands
27
what is transcription
the process of DNA info being copied nucleotide by nucleotide by NRMA
28
what is mRNA
molecules that carry the genetic info needed to make proteins through the ribosome
29
Where is DNA found within a cell
nucleus
30
what does mRNA stand for
messenger RNA
31
what is RNA
32
what is a ribosome
is a machine like molecule responsible for copying and making proteins such as
33
what holds DNA strands together
hydrogen bonds between the bases on adjacent strands
34
what are amino acids
molecules that combine to form protein (building blocks)
35
what is translation
the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is translated into a chain of amino acids. They are then folded into specific three-dimension shapes to become biologically active proteins
36
what is the difference between translation and transcription in DNA replication
transcription refers to the process of creating a messenger RNA (mRNA) copy of a gene from a DNA template, while translation is the process of using that mRNA to assemble a protein
37
what is the role of replication
creates more identical DNA strands
38
what is selection breeding
process used by humans to generate organisms that have desired characteristics
39
what is a genome
the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
40
allele def
a form of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases
41
dominate allele def
the trait that always shows up in the organisms when the gene in present
42
is the symbol for a dominate allele a capital or lowercase letter
capital letter
43
homozgyous def
an organism in which both allele of a gene are identical (TT) or (tt)
44
true or false, an individual can be either homozygous recessive or homozygous dominate
true
45
heterozygous def
an organism in which each allele is different (Tt)
46
Genotype def
the genetic makeup of an organism
47
phenotype def
the set of detectable traits (properties) of an organism
48
what impacts a phenotype
genotype + environment
49
incomplete dominance def
form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominate over another allele
50
what are the three different types of dominance
complete, co-dominant, incomplete
51
co-dominance def
a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a 3rd phenotype in which both parental traits appear together
52
what is the role of DNA replication
to replace damaged, or dead cells and or growth
53
what is mitosis
cell division
54
how is DNA replicated (copied) - semi-conservation replication
a parent strand of DNA goes on to make two identical daughter strands of DNA which both contain half of the original parent strand.
55
what are RNA's made of
the same of DNA, sugar (ribose) a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
56
where does transcription happen
in the nucleus
57
where does translation happen
in the cytoplasm
58
what is a chain of amino acids called
a polypeptide
59
what is the group of three mRNA's called
codons
60
proteins are the ________ of life
machines
61
what are proteins required for
structure, function and regulation of every organ, tissue and cell in the body as well as growth and development
62
what are proteins made of
amino acids
63
amino acids are the _____________ of life
building blocks
64
where do our amino acids come from
the food we eat
65
what is biotechnology
using or changing living things to make good or beneficial outcomes for man kind
66
example of biotechnology
cow breeding - breeding max muscle cows with max muscle cows to get max lean meat
67
what is the gender of an individual determined by
one pair of the sex chromosomes
68
gamete def
a reproductive cell that carries half the number of chromosomes than a normal body cell
69
kinetic energy def
energy associated with movement or the energy possessed by on object while it is in motion
70
potential energy def
energy stored or possessed by an object due to its position, status, electrical charge and other factors
71
key principles in natural selection
variation, inheritance, selection, adaption
72
transfer energy def
the movement of energy from one place to another place
73
transform energy def
the conversion of energy from one type into another
74
thermal energy def
heat energy produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other
75
chemical energy def
energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. May be released during a chemical reaction, often in the form of heat
76
evolution def (the one we talked about in class)
refer to the change in the genetic composition of a population
77
homologous structure def
parts of the body in different species that show evidence of common features
78
comparative anatomy def
the study of features of different species to look for evidence of a common ancestor
79
vestigial structure def
a part of an organism that has lost some of or all of its original function
80
whats is an example of a vestigial structure
nipples on men, tailbone on humans, appendix
81
what is biogeography
the study of the past and present distribution of living organisms
82
use of biogeography
to help us compare different species and show how they have evolved
83
homologous structures show evidence of ________
common ancestors
84
vestigial structures are a part of an organism that have lost ______________________
lost part of or all of its original use
85
natural selection def
organisms with better traits are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing in those advantages to their offspring, leading to the gradual adaption of population over time.
86
variation def in natural selection
individuals within a population exhibit natural selection in their traits
87
inheritance def in natural selection
traits are heritable, meaning the can be passed down from generation to generation
88
selection def in natural selection
environmental factors (predators, food, climate) act as selective pressures, favourite certain trait over others
89

Yr 10 Exams (5 decks)

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