Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Yr 9 End Of Years > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

(96 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the structure of the DNA

A

DNA is a double stranded, double helix molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the DNA found in the cell

A

It is found in the nucleus arranged as chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a gene

A

Its a section of the chromosome that codes for a characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an allele

A

An allele is an alternative form of a gene, Eg if gene is eye colour allele might be blue eyes or brown eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 3 characteristics that are genetically controlled

A

Eye colour, hair colour, attached earlobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give 3 characteristics that are environmentally controlled

A

Religion, accent, weight, scars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a homozygous allele?

A

A homozygous allele are inherited alleles that are the same , e.g TT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are heterozygous alleles

A

Inherited alles that are different e.g Tt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

When humans choose parents that have a desirable characteristic to breed, and are likely to produce offspring with the same desirable characteristic. They then select the offspring with the characteristic and breed them, they repeat this process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is polydactyl

A

To be born with an extra finger or toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

Excessive production of mucus and blocked airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is sickle cell anaemia

A

Red blood cells carry less oxygen leading to tiredness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

It will only show in an individual if there are 2 copies of the recessive allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are clones?

A

Clones are genetically identical individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the difference Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction

A

Asexual reproductions only involves one parent to produce clones, sexual involves gametes and leads to variety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is genetic engineering

A

When you take a gene from one organism and put it in another organism to get a desired characteristic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is genetic information passed from a parent to a child?

A

Genetic info is in the nucleus of the sperm and egg, when fertilisation occurs that information is passed onto the offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a carrier?

A

A carrier refers to a person who has a faulty gene but does not suffer from the disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the rate of reaction

A

The speed at which a reaction takes place(amount divided by time taken)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain how there could be different units for measuring rate of reaction

A

Change in mass, recording the loss in mass over time gives an accurate rate measurement
Volume of gas formed, the volume of gas produced over time gives an accurate rate measurement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List some factors that can affect the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Temperature
Concentration
Surface area
Catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of reaction

A

The higher the temperature, the particles have more kinetic energy so they move faster, surpassing the activation energy, meaning more frequent collisions resulting in a faster rate of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?

A

There are more reacting particles meaning there are more frequent collisions resulting a faster reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does surface area increase the rate of reaction

A

A larger surface area means theres more space for particles to collide resulting in a faster reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How do catalysts increase the rate if reaction
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up, by lowering the activation energy it increases the chance of collisions so a faster rate of reaction
26
How do catalysts work
They lower the activation energy
27
What is the activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction
28
How do you fine the rate of reaction
Quantity formed / time taken
29
Why does increasing surface area increases the rate of reaction
It gives the particles more surface area to react with meaning a quicker reaction
30
What was the flat earth theory in china in ancient time?
People in china and india believed that the earth was flat, it was supported by 12 pillars.
31
What was the 'sun being swallowed' theory in Thailand
People in Thailand believed that a solar eclipse was when a god called Rahu swallowed the sun
32
What is a geocentric model?
A model of the solar system with the earth at the centre.
33
What is a heliocentric model
A model of the solar system with the sun at the centre
34
What was the wood turtle theory
People in Indian believed that the earth was supported on the back of a giant wooden turtle
35
Write the sequence of a star the same size as our sun
Main sequence star, red giant, white dwarf, black dwarf
36
A man and a woman have two sons, the woman is pregnant with a third chile, what is the chance that this child will also be a boy?
50%
37
Write the sequence of a star much larger than our sun
Main sequence star, Red supergiant, Supernova, Neuron star/black hole
38
Describe similarities and differences between geometric and heliometric models
Geometric is when the earth is in the centre of the solar system, heliometric is when the sun in is the centre, both have plants orbiting the centre
39
When does a recessive allele control the development of a characteristic
When the dominant allele is not present
40
What is a phenotype?
Your PHYSICAL appearance
41
What is a genotype
The combination of alleles you inherit for a gene
42
What is a genotype
The combination of alleles you inherit for a gene
43
Give an example of a phenotype
Blonde hair (physical appearance)
44
Give an example of a genotype
Heterozygous (Aa)
45
Meaning of a recessive allele
An allele only expressed if you have 2 copies of it
46
How does a higher temperature effect the rate of reaction
The higher the temperature the more kinetic energy the particles have and move faster, this gives it more energy so it overcomes the activation energy, this increases the chance of successful collisions so a faster rate of reaction.
47
Why is the moon classified as a satelite?
It orbits a planet
48
Give two ways that planets and moons are similar
Their orbits are circular, they do not emit visible light
49
The star Mira will go through a supernova but the sun will not, how is Mira different to the sun
The star Mira is different because its a MUCH larger star so it'll go through a supernova
50
To stay in its orbit around the earth, each satellite must move at a particular ______?
Speed
51
What is a geostationary satellite?
A satellite that orbits the earths equator,it takes 24 hours to complete its orbit
52
Create a timeline of what happened in the universe
14b years ago- the big bang occurred 13.85b yrs ago- stars began to form 11b yrs ago- galaxies begin to form 5b yrs ago- our solar system was formed 4b- earth is made 200m yrs ago- dinosaurs on earth 0.5m yrs ago- humans formed
53
What is the use of geostationary satellites
For broadcasting
54
What is the use of LEO/polar satellites
For weather forecasting
55
What is the use of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites
To monitor the earths surface
56
Write four risks of the space programme
Injury to astronauts, Solar flares damaging space crafts Pollution of environment Damage orbiting satellites
57
Write four benefits of the space programme
Encouraging curiosity about our universe New technology being invented
58
What was Galileo's telescope?
A refracting telescope with two lenses, the objective lens produce's an image while an eyepiece lens magnifies it
59
What was the hubble space telescope?
Large curved mirrors that uses the reflection of light to take images of objects in our solar system.
60
What was the kepler space observatory telescope?
A reflecting telescope with a 95 megapixel camera
61
Give three types of satellites
Geostationary, monitoring, Low Earth Orbit
62
How much smaller is a black dwarf to our sun?
0.9 times
63
How is the moon different to artificial satelittes
The moon is a natural satellite so it can reflect the suns light onto the earth
64
Mars appears to move backwards across the sky, Name this type of motion
Retro grade motion
65
How did the universe expand ?
at the start of time the universe had no size, it was only a few millimetres wide and as time went on it expanded at the same speed
66
Suggest what might cause scientists to stop supporting one theory and support another theory?
More evidence in one theory could cause scientists to believe in that theory more
67
Suggest what caused scientists to believe that the theory of big bang and not steady state
The universe couldn't have been existing without an explanation without a beginning so therefore it must've began as a small region
68
What is the name of the effect were light from galaxies moving away from the earth has longer wavelengths.
Redshift
69
There are two theories of the universe: big bang, steady state The measurement of red-shift in the light from distant galaxies provides evidence to support_________?
Both the big bang and steady state theories
70
How does a refracting telescope work?
A telescope with two lenses, the objective lens to create an image and the eyepiece lens to magnify it.
71
How does a reflecting telescope work?
A reflecting telescope has two mirrors to reflect the light rays into the eyepiece
72
How many people walked on the moon
12
73
Give three benefits of the mission to the moon
Developing mew technologies Inspiring students Encouraging curiosity about the universe
74
Give three negatives of the mission to the moon
High costs Climate concerns Damage to satellites
75
What are the factors that there is a chance for life to be out there
How many stars have solar systems Whether any of the planets in the solar system has the right temperature Whether life has developed on these planets
76
How do satellites stay in orbit
they have to orbit at a particular speed at a particular distance
77
What is a satellite?
Anything that orbits a planet.
78
What are low earth orbit satellites
Satellotes that orbit very low to the earth (less than 1200 miles altitude
79
Write three ways how a scientist can genetically modify a zebra fish
Gene taken from another animal with desired characteristic Gene is inserted into the fish Fish are reproduced with the new characteristic
80
Give three negatives of GM zebra fish
Environmental impact It could affect the fish lifespan Could affect the population of the fish
81
Give one use of a satellite
Satellite television Monitoring the earths climate
82
Which force keeps the satellite in orbit of the earth
Gravitational pull
83
Give the name of the star in our solar system
Sun
84
Give the name or our galazy
Milky way
85
Describe the life cycle of a star that turns into a black dwarf
Main sequence star Red supergiant White dwarf Black dwarf
86
When scientists observe the light from distant galaxies p, they observe an increase in the __________?
Wavelength
87
How does hydroelectric power generate energy
Turbines and generators are powered by flowing water as it moves downstream to convert that kinetic energy into electricity.
88
How doew nuclear energy work
A form of energy released from the core of atoms when the nuclei fuse together called fision
89
How doew wind power work
Wind turbine are places in remote area with more wind. The blades are turned by the wind which are turn on a generator, the generator creates energy as it is turned.
90
How does fossil fuels work
Fuels such as oil coal and gas are harvested and then burnt to create energy
91
How does geothermal power work
Underground reservoirs of water are heated by magma, producing steam which rises, that steam powers generators making electricity
92
How does solar power work?
The sun shines onto solar panels which PV cells turn the sunlight into DC electricity, it then flows into a converter which turns it into AC electricity.
93
What is CMBR
Radiation emitted from the big bang as visible light, stamds for COSMIC microwave backgeound radiation
94
Name 4 types of renewable sources
geothermal Widal Wind Solar
95
What are elements
Substances that are made up of only one type of atom
96
Name 3 satellites
Geostationary Low earth orbit Polar orbit

Yr 9 End Of Years (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions