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Year 8 > Science 2 > Flashcards

Science 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a prokaryote simple or complex

A

simple

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2
Q

Which cell is always unicellular

A

Prokaryote

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3
Q

True or false: Eukaryotes have a nucleus AND organelles

A

true

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4
Q

Chemical formula for cellular respiration

A

C6H12 + 6 O2 —> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + APT

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5
Q

Most Eukaryotes are…. meaning they consist of …

A

Multicellular … more than 1 cell

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6
Q

Plants and animals are …

A

multicellular organisms

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7
Q

What is an organelle

A

Mini organs in a cell which are responsible for carrying out nessessary processes.

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8
Q

Organelles contain …

A

genetic material

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9
Q

Organelles control …

A

the activity of the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

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10
Q

Organelles package…

A

proteins for transport aroumd and out of the cell

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11
Q

What is the hierarchal relationship for multi-cellular systems?

A

cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - multicellular organisms/organism

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12
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemicals react with food to break it down into smaller, absorbable components. This happens through enzymes. This helps body absorb nutrients.

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13
Q

where does chemical digestion occur?

A

mouth, stomach, small intestine

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14
Q

what is the role of enzymes in the digestion process

A

They help break down food into smaller pieces so your body can absorb the nutrients it needs.
Break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins.

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15
Q

What is the difference between carnivores, herbivores and omnivores teeth?

A

Herbivores =chew plant based food, more molars

Carnivores=rip through meat, large canines

Omnivore = combination of both above

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16
Q

What does amylase break down

A

carbohydrates/starch into sugar

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17
Q

difference between unicellular and multicellular

A

Multicellular = organism made up of multiple cells

unicellular = organism made up of one cell

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18
Q

ribosome

A

Carries out protein synthesis using the genetic code from DNA.

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19
Q

What happens to the field of view when magnification increases

A

see a smaller part of the specimen, in greater detail.

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20
Q

largest internal organ

A

liver

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21
Q

oral cavity

A

Let’s air and food enter

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22
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packages proteins for transport around and out of the cell

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23
Q

course adjustment knob

A

moves the stage up and down by large amounts

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24
Q

cytoplasm

A

Jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions occur

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25
small intestine
makes enzymes which complete the digestion process. Absorbs nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.
26
pancreas
produces enzymes that help digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Makes pancreatic juice, that neutralises the stomach acid
27
permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap to keep the cell rigid.
28
What happens in the stomach
A temporary food storage area. mixes food with gastric juices which break down the proteins.
29
larynx
Let's air pass through speech production
30
diaphragm (microscope)
used to vary the amount of light that passes through the stage
31
difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
prokaryotic simple always unicellular smaller cells no nucleus have no organelles eukaryotic mostly multicellular bigger cells more complex have a nucleus have organelles
32
pharynx
Channels the air down the airways.
33
types of microscope
Compound Light Microscope and Electron Microscope.
34
difference between plant and animal cells
animal cells do not have a cell wall, chloroplast or permanant vacuole. (these are cell organelles)
35
function of the nucleus
Contains genetic information (DNA) and controls the activities of the cell.
36
chloroplast
Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
37
diaphragm
pump the lung
38
lungs
Carries out 02-CO2 gas exchange
39
trachea
windpipe that channels the air toward left/right bronchi
40
mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration, which releases energy for the cell
41
capillaries
surround the alveoli and allow exchange of gases—oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.
42
principles of cell theory
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms 2. All living things are made of one or more cells 3. All cells are produced by existing cells
43
epiglottis
keeps food from entering the airways
44
objective lens
change the magnification, shortest lens gives the lowest magnification and tallest lens giving the highest magnification
45
absorption
nutrients from food we eat are taken into out body.
46
function of the cell wall
Rigid outer wall of plant cells which strengthens the cell and provides support
47
liver
produces bile, which helps break down fats, controls blood sugar, destroys poisons and stores iron, vitamin a and d
48
mouth
chews and mixed with saliva.
49
diffusion
movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration High concentration
50
large intestine
absorbs any remaining sugars and forms solid waste.
51
electron microscope advantage
high magnification and resolution
52
advantages of using a compound light microscope
samples prepared quickly, coloured stains can be used, living cells can be viewed.
53
salivary glands
makes 1.5 litres of saliva each day contains enzymes (amylase) which breaks down
54
field of view when magnification decreases
You can see more of the specimen at once. The details are less clear, but you get a bigger overall picture.
55
How long is the small intestine?
A tube around 6m long
56
fine adjustment knob
moves the stage up and down by much smaller distances to refine the resolution
57
how many litres of food can the stomach hold?
between 2 and 4 litres
58
diffusion process for carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveolus due to the carbon dioxide concentration being higher in the blood and lower in the alveolus
59
bronchi
entrance to lungs, allows air to enter the lung
60
cell membrane
Semi-permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
61
4 stages of digestion
1. Ingestion 2. Mechanical digestion 3. Chemical digestion 4. Absorption
62
Compound Light Microscope
visible light and multiple lenses to magnify small objects, making them easier to see
63
diffusion process for oxygen
Oxygen diffuses into the blood from the alveolus due to the oxygen concentration being higher in the alveolus and lower in the blood
64
bronchioles
like cauliflower, lets air reach the alveoli
65
alveoli
Sit for 02-C02 exchange.
66
disadvantages of using a compound light microscope
Limited visible detail.
67
gall bladder
The gall bladder stores bile, which helps break up and digest fats.
68
esophagus
food pipe that moves food from the mouth to the stomach using muscle movements called peristalsis.
69
nasal cavity
purifies and humidifies the air
70
disadvantages of using an electron microscope
Only dead section can be viewed, specimen preparation is very difficult, very expensive
71
lipase
breaks down fats/lipids into fatty acids + glycerol

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