Science Flashcards
(90 cards)
0
Q
Magnetism
A
The force of attraction or repulsion between objects that results from the positive and negative ionic charges of objects
1
Q
Physical Science
A
The study of universal forces that include gravity, electricity, and magnetism
2
Q
Force
A
The action of moving an object by pulling or pushing it
3
Q
Work
A
The product of the force acting in the direction of movement causing displacement
4
Q
Energy
A
The ability to do work
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Q
Machine
A
Something that makes work easier
6
Q
Simple Machine
A
Has few or no moving parts and can change the size and direction of force
7
Q
Complex Machine
A
Machines working together to facilitate work
8
Q
Matter
A
Anything that takes up space and has mass
9
Q
Mass
A
A body is the amount of matter in an object or thing
10
Q
Volume
A
The amount of space that matter takes up
11
Q
Weight
A
The amount of gravitational force exerted over an object
12
Q
Elements
A
112 basic kinds of matter
13
Q
Atoms
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Are made up of particles called electron, neutrons, and protons
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Q
Molecules
A
Two or more atoms bonded together in chemical bond
15
Q
Compounds
A
When you have two or more different kinds of atoms in the molecule and you have a given amount of that substance
16
Q
Physical Properties
A
The way matter looks and feels (color,density,hardness,conductivity)
17
Q
Thermal Properties
A
Matter is sensitive to temperature changes (liquid to solid, solid to liquid)
18
Q
Electrical Properties
A
Matter can be classified as a conductor or nonconductor of electricity
19
Q
Chemical Properties
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One type of matter(element) can react with chemical properties of other types of matter
20
Q
States of Matter
A
Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
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Q
Mixtures
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Combinations of two or more substance
22
Q
Solutions
A
Mixtures that are homogeneous, which means that the components are distributed evenly
23
Q
Physical Change
A
Change in a substance that does not change what that substance is made of. (Melting ice (boiling water)
24
Chemical Change
When the substances that were combined are longer the same molecules they have changed to new substance (burning wood, mixing baking soda and vinegar)
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Exothermic
Reaction; and when heat is absorbed in a chemical change
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Endothermic
The combination becomes colder
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Kinetic Energy
An object possessing energy because of its ability to move (is used for movement and to do work)
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Potential Energy
The energy that an object has as the result of its position or condition
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Activation Energy
The energy necessary to transfer or convert potential energy into kinetic energy
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Heat
Is the form of energy
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Temperature
Is the measure heat, is a required element for all warm blooded animals
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Sun
Is the most common form of energy, solar energy provides heat and light for animals and plants
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Photosynthesis
The process of capturing, storing, and converting solar energy. It is also the source of oxygen in the atmosphere
34
Chemical Energy
Is a form of glucose
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Conduction
Is the process of transferring heat or electricity through a substance
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Radiation
The energy that travels at high speed in space in the form of light or through the decay of radioactive elements (microwaves)
37
Convection
The flow of heat through the movement of matter from a hot region to cool region (warm air rises cool air sinks)
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Closed Circuit
When all metal parts are touching and the electrical charge is able to continue to be transferred through the circuit
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Lightning
Is a form of static electricity, which means it is not flowing or being transferred in the way it is through metal wire, but is caused by friction
40
Light Energy
All energy travels in waves and in straight-line path
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Refraction
When light travels in a straight line, hits an object or substance and is bent
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Reflection
When light waves bounce back, as when looking in a mirror
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Sound Energy
Sounds are caused by vibrations, such as a guitar string (or a rubber band)
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Longitudinal
Waves move parallel to the direction the waves moves, and transverse waves more perpendicular to the direction of the wave
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Electricity
Is the flow of electrons or electric power or charge
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Nonrenewable electricity
Natural gas, coal, and oil and nuclear
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Renewable Electricity
Wind and solar energy
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Conservation of Energy
States thT energy cn change for but cannot totally disappear
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Aerobic Respiration
Consumes oxygen
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Fungi
Obtain energy, carbon, and water from dead material
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Chromosomes
Contain genetic code, or DNA
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Mitosis
Describes the process of a cell splitting to create two identical cells
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Meiosis
The process of cells dividing to produce the egg and sperm cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell so they are ready to restore the normal number of the species upon fertilizatio
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Insects
Have three main parts head, thorax, and abdomen
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Humans
Have several body systems, including the musculosketal, nervous, circulatory, immune, respiratory, and digestive/excretory systems
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Organisms
In the environment depend upon one another for survival and are linked in the ecosystem
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Layers of the Earth
Mantle
Crust
Inner core
Outer core
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Continental Drift
In 1915 Alred Weneger proposed that all continents were previously one large continent but then broke apart and drifted through the ocean floor to their present locations
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Tectonic Plates
The surface of the earth is fragmented into large plates, these plates are in continuous motion, floating on the liquid mantel and always changing in size and position
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Forces that change the surface of the earth
Weathering, geological movements, and the creation of glaciers
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Weathering
Process of breaking down rock, soils, and minerals through natural,chemical, and biological process (exfoliation and freeze thaw)
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Exfoliation
Occurs in places like desert when the soil is exposed first to high temperatures, which causes it to expand, and then to cold temperatures, which make the soil contract. The stress of these changes cause outer layers of rock to peel off
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Freeze-thaw
Breaks down rock when water gets into rock joints or cracks and then freezes and expands, breaking the rock
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Erosion
Is the movement of sediment from one location to the other through the use of water, wind, ice, or gravity (Grand Canyon)
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Earthquakes
When forces within the Earth causes rocks to break and move around geologic faults, earthquakes occur
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Richter Scale
Used to measure the amount of energy released by the earthquake
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Volcanoes
Are formed by the constant motion of tectonic plates. This movement create pressure that forces magma from mantel to escape to the surface, creating an explosion of lava, fire, and ash
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Gravity
Is the force of attraction that exists between objects
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Surface Water
Is the water in streams, lakes, and rivers, and all water that is on the surface of the land
70
Groundwater
Is water that seeps beneath the surface of the land and forms and underground river of water
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Igneous Rocks
Are crystalline solids that form directly from the cooling of magma or lava
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Sedimentary Rocks
Are call secondary rocks because they are often the result of accumulation of small pieces broken off from preexisting rocks and then pressed into a new form
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3 types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic- pieces of rock, mineral, and organic material fuse together
Chemical-formed when water rich in minerals evaporates, leaving the minerals behind
Organic-made from the remains of plants and animals
Metamorphic-formed from igneous, sedimentary, or other types
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4 Stages of Water Cycle
Storage
Evaporation
Precipitation
Runoff
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Tides
The alternating rise and fall in sea level with respect to the land, produced by the gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun
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Carbon Cycle
Capture of carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by plants to make glucose
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Nitrogen Cycles
Most of the air we breathe is nitrogen but it is not useful to us. In that form so it is exhaled. Lightning causes nitrogen in the air to combine oxygen
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2 movements of the earth
Rotation
| Revolution
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Rotation
Describes the spinning of Earth on its axis
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Revolution
Wile earth is rotating on it axis, it is also following an orbit around the sun
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New Moon
The moon is not visible to Earth because the side of he moon facing earth is not being lit by the sn
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Crescent Moon
At this stage between the half moon and the new moon, the shape of the moon is often compared to a banana
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Half Moon or First Quarter
During this stage, half of the moon is visible
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Gibbous Moon
In this stage, about three quarters of the moon is visible
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Full Moon
The whole moon is visible from Earth
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Blue Moon
Describes the appearance of two full moons single calendar month
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Inner planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
88
Outer planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
89
Dwarf planets
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Pluto
Ceres
Eris
Harmea
Makemake
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