Science Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is a gene
A portion of of DNA expressed as a physical trait, unit of hereditary passed on from parent to offspring
Where in the cell are chromosome located
Nucleus
DNA can be found in what two organelles
Nucleus and mitochondria
What two scientist established the structure of DNA
Francis Crick and James Watson
What are the sides of DNA ladder made of ?
Alternating sugars (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecule
What a the “rungs” nog the DNA ladder made of ?
4 nitrogen bases
What sugar is found in DNA
Deoxyribose
How do the base bond together ?
C with g and a with t
Adenine thymine guanine and cytosine
DNA is made of repeating units called
Nucleotides
Where is proteins made
In ribosomes
How do the instructions become different cells when it’s all exactly the same
Chemicals switch on or off genes
Eg chemicals from diet, environment, hormone
Why is DNA called the blue print of life
DNA tells the cells how to build the organisms, necessary for survival
Where is DNA located in the cell
Nucleus
What’s the function of DNA
To provide genetic code which translate to amuse proteins required for building
What is DNA replication
When a DNA is copied that makes an identical strand of DNA
What is photo synthesise
Photo synthesis is the process which form proteins
Where does photo synthesis occur in the cell
Ribosomes
Usually attached to endoplasmic reticulum
What tells the cells what type of protein to make
mRNA messenger RNA provides a genetic code
What does RNA stand for
Ribonucleic acid
Three types of RNA? And functions
Messenger RNA- transfers messages to ribosomes
tRNA tranfere- brings amino acid to ribosome
rRNA ribosomal- makes ribosomes
What happens in transcription
Segments of DNA copied into messenger mRNA which then carries codes to ribosomes
What is translation
mRNA strand is translated by ribosome to form polypeptide chain. Transfers tRNA brings appropriate amino acid (determined by codon/ anticodon) to thr ribosomes
Spell out DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
