science Flashcards
(20 cards)
cell
a cell is the smallest unit that can perform all the procesess necessary for life
Nucleus
nucleus in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cells DNA and that has a roll in process such as growth metabolism and reproduction.
Cytoplasm
the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Cell membrane
he semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
cell wall
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
Mitochondria / Mitochondrion
he mitochondrion is a semi autonomous double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Some cells in some multicellular organisms may, however, lack mitochondria.
Chloroplast
a plastid that contains chlorophyll
Golgi complex
A stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm (gel-like fluid). The Golgi complex prepares proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
Ribosome
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
Lysosome
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. … They break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
. Vacuole
A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells.
Organelle
any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell
Prokaryote
a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Eukaryote
an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria
Tissue
any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products.
Organ
Organ, in biology, a group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function. In higher animals, organs are grouped into organ systems
Organ system
An organ system is a group of organs that work together as a biological system to perform one or more functions. Each organ does a particular job in the body, and is made up of distinct tissues.
Organism
In biology, an organism is any individual entity that embodies the properties of life. It is a synonym for “life form”. Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as protists, bacteria, and archaea
Structure
An organ is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types
