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CURRENT AFFAIRS 2024 > SCIENCE AND TECH > Flashcards

SCIENCE AND TECH Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS A HALO ORBIT?

A

A HALO ORBIT IS A PERIODIC, THREE DIMENSIONAL ORBIT NEAR ONE OF THE L1, L2 OR L3 LAGRANGE POINTS.

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2
Q

DOES L1 LAGRANGE POINT REMAINS AT SAME PLACE?

A

AS THE EARTH MOVES AROUND THE SUN THE L1 POINT WILL ALSO MOVE AND SO DOES THE HALO ORBIT.

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3
Q

PAYLOADS ON ADITYA L1?

A

FOUR PAYLOADS TO STUDY SUN
1 VISIBLE EMISSION LINE CORONAGRAPH (VELC)- FOR CORONA IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY.
2 SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE (SUIT)- FOR PHOTOSPHERE AND CHROMOSPHERE IMAGING
3 SOLAR LOW ENERGY X-RAY SPECTROMETER (SOLEXS)- SOFT X-RAY SPECTROMETER FOR SUN AS A STAR OBSERVATION
4 HIGH ENERGY L1 ORBITING X-RAY SPECTROMETER (HEL1OS)- HARD X-RAY SPECTROMETER FOR SUN AS A STAR OBSERVATION
THREE PAYLOADS TO STUDY L-1 IN SITU
5 ADITYA SOLAR WIND PARTICLE EXPERIMENT (ASPEX)- FOR SOLAR WIND/PARTICLE ANALYZER PROTONS AND HEAVIER IONS WITH DIRECTIONS.
6 PLASMA ANALYSER PACKAGE FOR ADITYA (PAPA)-FOR SOLAR WIND/PARTICLE ANALYZER PROTONS AND HEAVIER IONS WITH DIRECTIONS.
7 ADVANCED TRIAXIAL HIGH RESOLUTION DIGITAL MAGNETOMETERS- FOR IN SITU MAGNETIC FIELD STUDY.

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4
Q

WHAT IS SOHO?

A

NASA AND EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY’s SOLAR AND HELIOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY (SOHO) MISSION.
THE SATELLITE LOCATED IN L1 POSITION.

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5
Q

PANTOEA TAGOREI WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY. WHAT IS IT?

A

IT IS A NEW SPECIES OF BACTERIA.
IT SOLUBILIZES POTASSIUM AND PHOSPHORUS AND REPLENISHES NITROGEN EXHIBITING PROPERTIES OF AIDING IN ENHANCED PLANT GROWTH.

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6
Q

OPERATORS OF KUDANKULAM NUCLEAR POWER PLANT?

A

RUSSIAN STATE COMPANY AND NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED.

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7
Q

WHAT IS SLIM SPACECRAFT?

A

SMART LANDER FOR INVESTIGATING MOON SPACECRAFT IS A SMALL SCALE EXPLORATION LANDER DESIGNED FOR PINPOINT LANDINGS ON THE MOON’S SURFACE (BY JAPAN’S JAXA).
IT WILL TEST THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REDUCING IN THE SIZE AND WEIGHT OF EQUIPMENT USED IN MOON LANDINGS, AND INVESTIGATION INTO THE MOON’S ORIGINS WEIGHED 590 KG AT LAUNCH.

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8
Q

SLIM SPACECRAFT IS LAUNCHED BY?
IT WAS LAUNCHED WITH ANOTHER SPACECRAFT WHICH IS?

A

JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY (JAXA).
SLIM (SMALL SCALE EXPLORATION LANDER) WAS LAUNCHED TOGETHER WITH XRISM- A NEXT GENERATION X-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE.

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9
Q

WHAT IS LUPEX MISSION?

A

LUNAR POLAR EXPLORATION MISSION (LUPEX) IS A JOINT MISSION OF THE INDIAN AND JAPANESE SPACE AGENCIES TO EXPLORE THE MOON’S POLAR REGION.
ALSO KNOWN AS CHANDRAYAAN-4.

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10
Q

OBJECTIVE OF CHANDRAYAAN-4?

A

AKA LUPEX WILL TRAVEL TO THE MOON, LAND, COLLECT SAMPLES, AND THEN CONNECT TO OTHER MODULE IN SPACE. THE MODULE WILL THEN RETURN TO EARTH ORBIT.
AS THE TWO MODULES APPROACH EARTH, THEY WILL SEPARATE, WITH ONE PART RETURNING TO EARTH AND THE OTHER WILL KEEP ORBITING THE PLANET.

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11
Q

WEIGHT OF CHANDRAYAAN-3 AND PLAN OF CHANDRAYAAN-4?

A

CHANDRAYAAN-3 ROVER WEIGHED ONLY 30 KG.
CHANDRAYAAN-4 PLANS TO LAND A MUCH HEAVIER 350 KG ROVER ON THE MOON’S RIM AN UNEXPLORED REGION.

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12
Q

INDIA’S ROLE IN SQUARE KILOMETER ARRAY OBSERVATORY (SKAO)?

A

ITS MAIN CONTRIBUTION TO THE SKA IS THE CREATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE TELESCOPE MANAGER COMPONENT, ALSO KNOWN AS THE NEURAL NETWORK OR SOFTWARE THAT POWERS THE TELESCOPE.

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13
Q

INFLUENZA A VIRUS CAN CIRCULATE IN 7 DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES. WHAT ARE THOSE?

A

1 HUMANS
2 WILD WATER BIRDS
3 DOMESTIC POULTRY
4 SWINE
5 HORSES
6 DOGS
7 BATS

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14
Q

WHICH SUBTYPES OF AVIAN INFLUENZA A VIRUSES CAN CAUSE HUMAN INFECTIONS?

A

H5, H6, H7, H9 AND H10.

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15
Q

NEW ANTIBIOTIC FOUND EFFECTIVE AGAINST ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNI?

A

ZOSURABALPIN WAS FOUND EFFECTIVE AGAINST CRAB (CARBAPENEM RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNI).

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16
Q

JANAUSHADI KENDRAS ARE IMPLEMENTED BY?

A

PHARMA AND MEDICAL BUREAU OF INDIA (PMBI), MINISTRY OF CHEMICALS AND FERTILIZERS.

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17
Q

BACTERIAL ZOONOSIS?

A

A T B P L S L L
1 ANTHRAX
2 TUBERCULOSIS
3 BRUCELLOSIS
4 PLAGUE
5 LEPTOSPIROSIS
6 SALMONELLOSIS
7 LYME DISEASE
8 LEPROSY

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18
Q

VIRAL ZOONOSIS?

A

RHAY IAS ECD ZMC
1 RABIES
2 HANTAVIRUS
3 ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS
4 YELLOW FEVER
5 INFLUENZA
6 AIDS
7 SARS
8 EBOLA
9 CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER
10 DENGUE FEVER
11 ZIKA FEVER
12 MONKEYPOX
13 COVID-19

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19
Q

RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSIS?

A

1 MURINE TYPHUS
2 TICK TYPHUS
3 SCRUB TYPHUS
4 Q- FEVER
5 EPIDEMIC TYPHUS
6 ROCKY MOUNTAINS SPOTTED FEVER
7 QUEENSLAND TICK TYPHUS

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20
Q

PROTOZOAN ZOONOSIS?

A

1 TOXOPLASMOSIS
2 TRYPANOSOMIASIS
3 LEISHMANIASIS
4 AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
5 CHAGAS DISEASE

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21
Q

HELMINTHIC ZOONOSIS?

A

1 ECHINOCOCCOSIS (HYDATID DISEASE)
2 TAENIASIS

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22
Q

FUNGAL ZOONOSIS?

A

1 DEEP MYCOSIS- HISTOPLASMOSIS
2 CRYPTOCOCCOSIS

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23
Q

ECTOPARASITES ZOONOSIS?

A

1 SCABIES
2 MYIASIS

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24
Q

ACELLULAR NON VIRAL PATHOGENS ZOONOSIS?

A

1 MAD COW DISEASE AKA BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY.
IN HUMANS KNOWN AS CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD).

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25
Q

REVISED PHARMA MANUFACTURING RULES UNDER SCHEDULE M OF THE DRUGS AND COSMETICS RULE ,1945 BY MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE.
WHAT IS THE DEADLINE TO OBTAIN WHO-GMP (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION- GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES) ACCREDITATION?
WHAT IS THE TIME GIVEN TO IMPLEMENT THESE RULES?

A

THE MINISTRY PROVIDED A 6 MONTH DEADLINE FOR SMALL MANUFACTURERS AND 12 MONTHS FOR LARGE UNITS TO OBTAIN THEIR WHO-GMP ACCREDITATION.
MEDIUM AND SMALL MANUFACTURERS WITH AN ANNUAL TURNOVER OF LESS THAN RS 250 CRORE WILL HAVE TO IMPLEMENT THE REVISED RULES WITHIN 12 MONTHS FROM ITS PUBLICATION DATE, WHEREAS LARGE MANUFACTURERS WITH AN ANNUAL TURNOVER OF OVER RS 250 CRORE WILL BE GIVEN 6 MONTHS.

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26
Q

REVISED SCHEDULE M HAS INTRODUCED FIVE NEW CATEGORIES OF DRUGS WHICH WAS NOT COVERED UNDER PREVIOUS RULES?

A

THE NEW CATEGORIES (NOT COVERED UNDER PREVIOUS RULES) INCLUDE PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SUCH AS SEX HORMONES, STEROIDS (ANABOLIC AND ANDROGENIC), CYTOTOXIC SUBSTANCES,BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, RADIO PHARMACEUTICALS, PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS, AND
INVESTIGATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS.

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27
Q

AFRICAN COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE BEEN DECLARED MALARIA FREE BY WHO?

A

1 MAURITIUS
2 ALGERIA
3 CABO VERDE (ATLANTIC OCEAN)(RECENTLY DECLARED).

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28
Q

WHAT IS CHADOX1?

A

VACCINE FOR NIPAH-B VIRUS.

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29
Q

WHAT IS PUNGANUR WHICH WAS IN NEWS?

A

INDIGENOUS COW BREED NATIVE TO PUNGANUR, VAYALAPADU, MADNAPALLI AND PALAMANEER TALUKAS OF CHITOOR DISTRICT IN RAYALASEEMA REGION OF SOUTHERN ANDHRA PRADESH.
IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE WORLD’S SMALLEST HUMPED CATTLE.

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30
Q

WHAT IS URBAN MINING?

A

AN URBAN MINE IS THE STOCKPILE OF RARE METALS IN THE DISCARDED WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) OF A SOCIETY.
URBAN MINING IS THE PROCESS OF RECOVERING THESE RARE METALS THROUGH MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS.

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31
Q

WHAT IS HAVISURE?
IT IS DEVELOPED BY?

A

INDIA’S 1ST INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED HEPATITIS A VACCINE.
DEVELOPED BY INDIAN IMMUNOLOGICALS LIMITED (IIL).
IIL IS A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF NATIONAL DAIRY DEVELOPMENT BOARD (NDDB).

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32
Q

WHAT ARE ZOMBIE VIRUSES?

A

ZOMBIE VIRUSES ARE VIRUSES THAT REMAINED DORMANT SINCE PREHISTORICAL TIMES.
MELTING OF PERMAFROST HAS REVIVED THESE PATHOGENS.

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33
Q

WHAT IS A GOLDEN TIGER?

A

A GOLDEN TIGER ALSO CALLED TABBY TIGER OR STRAWBERRY TIGER IS A TIGER WITH A COLOR VARIATION CAUSED BY A RECESSIVE GENE.
THEIR RARE SKIN TONE IS A RESULT OF EXCESSIVE INBREEDING.

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34
Q

WHAT IS INBREEDING?

A

INBREEDING IS DEFINED AS THE PROBABILITY OF TWO ALLELES IN AN INDIVIDUAL BEING IDENTICAL BY DECENT AND IS NORMALLY THE RESULT OF MATING RELATED INDIVIDUALS, IT CAN INCREASE THE CHANCES OF OFFSPRING BEING AFFECTED BY DELETERIOUS OR RECESSIVE TRAITS.

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35
Q

WHAT ARE AGOUTI GENES AND TABBY GENES?

A

THE YELLOW SKIN OF TIGERS IS CONTROLLED BY A SET OF AGOUTI GENES WHILE THE BLACK STRIPES ARE CONTROLLED BY TABBY GENES AND THEIR ALLELES.
SUPPRESSION OF ANY OF THESE GENES MAY LEAD TO COLOUR VARIATION IN A TIGER.

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36
Q

NEW THREE DRUG REGIMEN FOR PAUCI BACILLARY (PB) CASES?

A

1 DAPSONE
2 RIFAMPICIN
3 CLOFAZIMINE

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37
Q

LEPROSY IS ALSO KNOWN AS?

A

HANSEN’S DISEASE.

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38
Q

WHAT IS PSEUDO MELANISM?

A

IT IS DIFFERENT FROM MELANISM.
IN PSEUDO MELANISM THERE IS A SINGLE MUTATION IN TRANS MEMBRANE AMINOPEPTIDASE Q (TAQPEP).

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39
Q

NASA’S ROVER PERSEVERANCE HAS GATHERED DATA CONFIRMING THE EXISTENCE OF ANCIENT LAKE SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED BY WATER THAT ONCE FILLED A GIANT BASIN ON MARS CALLED?

A

JEREZO CRATER.

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40
Q

WHAT IS WHEAT BLAST?

A

BLEACHING OF THE WHEAT CAUSED BY PLANT FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE ORYZAE.
ALSO INFECTS OTHER GRASSES INCLUDING BARLEY, LOLIUM, RICE AND WHEAT.
PRESENCE OF DARK GREY SPORES.
FUNGUS IS RESISTANT TO FUNGICIDE SO HAVE TO BURN THE CROP.

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41
Q

WHAT IS NON FUNGIBLE TOKEN (NFT)?

A

NFT IS A DIGITAL ASSET THAT REPRESENTS OWNERSHIP OR PROOF OF AUTHENTICITY FOR A SPECIFIC ITEM, OFTEN IN THE FORM OF DIGITAL ART, MUSIC, VIDEOS OR OTHER DIGITAL CONTENT.

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42
Q

WORKING OF NON FUNGIBLE TOKEN?

A

NFTs OPERATE ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY, WHICH IS SECURE, CANNOT BE DUPLICATED OR FORGED AND TRANSPARENT DIGITAL LEDGER.

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43
Q

HOLD RECORD OF OWNERSHIP OF NON FUNGIBLE TOKEN?

A

EACH NFT IS ASSIGNED A UNIQUE AND UNCHANGEABLE CODE STORED ON THE BLOCKCHAIN, PROVIDING A CLEAR RECORD OF OWNERSHIP AND VERIFYING THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE ASSOCIATED DIGITAL ASSET.

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44
Q

KEY FEATURES OF NON FUNGIBLE TOKEN?

A
  1. UNIQUENESS-EACH NFT IS DISTINCT, MAKING IT DIFFERENT FROM ANY OTHER TOKEN.
  2. INDIVISIBILITY- NFTs CANNOT BE DIVIDED INTO SMALLER UNITS. THEY EXIST AS WHOLE TOKENS, CONTRIBUTING TO THEIR SCARCITY.
  3. OWNERSHIP AND AUTHENTICITY- NFTs SERVE AS DIGITAL CERTIFICATES OF OWNERSHIP, PROVING THAT THE HOLDER IS THE LEGITIMATE OWNER OF THE ASSOCIATED DIGITAL CONTENT.
  4. SMART CONTRACTS- MANY NFTs UTILIZE SMALL CONTRACTS, SELF EXECUTING CONTRACTS WITH THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT DIRECTLY WRITTEN INTO CODE.
45
Q

WHAT IS NON FUNGIBILITY?

A

NON FUNGIBILITY REFERS TO THE UNIQUE AND DISTINCT NATURE OF AN ASSET OR ITEM THAT CANNOT BE READILY EXCHANGED ON A ONE TO ONE BASIS WITH ANOTHER ITEM OF THE SAME TYPE.
EXAMPLE, A PLANE SEAT IS UNIQUE- IT SPECIFIES A SPECIFIC SEAT IN A PARTICULAR FLIGHT, AT A SPECIFIC TIME.

46
Q

WHAT IS WEB3 TECHNOLOGY?

A

WEB3 IS AN IDEA FOR A NEW ITERATION OF THE WORLD WIDE WEB WHICH INCORPORATES CONCEPTS SUCH AS DECENTRALIZATION, BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES AND TOKEN BASED ECONOMICS.

47
Q

WHAT IS ERGOSPHERE?

A

ERGOSPHERE IS THE REGION IN BETWEEN THE EVENT HORIZON AND THE STATIONARY LIMIT.
IT IS POSSIBLE TO GET ENERGY AND EVEN MASS FROM THE ERGOSPHERE BUT NOT FROM BEYOND THE EVENT HORIZON

48
Q

WHAT ARE CASGEVY AND LYFGENIA?

A

THEY ARE CRISPR- BASED GENE THERAPIES FOR SICKLE CELL ANEMIA AND BETA THALASSEMIA.
CASGEVY THERAPY- IT USES THE PATIENT BLOOD STEM CELLS WHICH ARE PRECISELY EDITED USING CRISPR-CAS9. IT TARGETS BCL11A.
LYFGENIA THERAPY- IT USES A VIRAL ENVELOPE TO DELIVER A HEALTHY HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCING GENE.

49
Q

SWATI (SCIENCE FOR WOMEN-A TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION) PORTAL IS LAUNCHED AND DEVELOPED BY?
AIM?

A

LAUNCHED BY PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
DEVELOPED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENOME RESEARCH (NIPGR).
AIM- TO CREATE A UNIFIED PLATFORM FOR INDIAN WOMEN AND GIRLS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS AND MEDICINE (STEMM).

50
Q

WHAT IS SORA?

A

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE THAT CAN CONVERT TEXTS TO VIDEOS.

51
Q

FILARIAL WORMS?

A

1 WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI.
2 BRUGIA MALAYI.
3 BRUGIA TIMORI.

52
Q

WHAT IS JARDIANCE?

A

ALSO KNOWN AS EMPAGLIFLOZIN IS AN ANTI DIABETIC DRUG WHICH IS USED IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.

53
Q

WHAT WAS BLACK DEATH?

A

BETWEEN 1346 AND 1353, THE BUBONIC PLAGUE KILLED AS MANY AS 50 MILLION IN EUROPE IN WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE BLACK DEATH.

54
Q

CAUSATIVE AGENT OF PLAGUE?

A

YERSINIA PESTIS- A ZOONOTIC BACTERIA.

55
Q

WHICH PLAGUE CAN BE SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON?

A

ACCORDING TO CDC ONLY THE PNEUMONIC PLAGUE CAN BE SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON BY INHALING INFECTIOUS DROPLETS.
SEPTICAEMIC PLAGUE AND BUBONIC PLAGUE (AFFECTS LYMPH NODES) DOES NOT SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON.

56
Q

WHAT IS NAUGHTY BOY RECENTLY IN NEWS?

A

GSLV ROCKET IS CALLED NAUGHTY BOY DUE TO MULTIPLE FAILURES.

57
Q

ODYSSEUS SPACECRAFT?

A

NASA’S LUNAR SPACECRAFT.

58
Q

DIFFERENCE IN SIZE BETWEEN NANOPLASTIC AND MICROPLASTIC?

A

NANOPLASTIC- LESS THAN 100 NANOMETER.
MICROPLASTIC- RANGE FROM 100 NANOMETER TO 5 MILLIMETERS.

59
Q

FRP AND MSP ARE ANNOUNCED AND APPROVED BY?

A

FIXED BY THE CABINET COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC AFFAIRS ON THE BASIS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL COSTS AND PRICES (CACP).

60
Q

ODYSSEUS LUNAR LANDER SHARED A IMAGE OF CRATER ON MOON. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THAT CRATER?

A

SCNOMBERGER CRATER.

61
Q

WHAT IS MAYER ROKITANSKY KUSTER HAUSER (MRKH) SYNDROME?

A

A RARE CONGENITAL DISORDER THAT AFFECTS THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND CAN CAUSE INFERTILITY.

62
Q

NEW NOTIFICATION REGARDING SURROGACY RULES?

A

● IN CASE WHEN THE DISTRICT MEDICAL BOARD CERTIFIES THAT EITHER HUSBAND OR WIFE CONSTITUTING THE INTENDING COUPLE SUFFERS FROM MEDICAL CONDITIONS NECESSITATING USE OF DONOR GAMETE, THEN SURROGACY IS ALLOWED.
● WHILE THE RELAXATION IS FOR INTENDING COUPLE THE NOTIFICATION SAID THAT IF A DIVORCED OR WIDOWED WOMEN OPTS FOR SURROGACY, THE EGG HAS TO COME FROM THE MOTHER: SINGLE WOMEN (WIDOW OR DIVORCE) UNDERGOING SURROGACY MUST USE SELF EGGS AND DONOR SPERMS TO AVAIL SURROGACY PROCEDURE.

63
Q

IMPLICATIONS OF AMENDMENT TO SURROGACY RULES?

A

PRIOR TO THE MARCH 2023 NOTIFICATION- WHICH INSISTED ON THE USE OF BOTH EGGS AND SPERMS FROM THE INTENDING COUPLE- SURROGACY RULES ALLOWED THE USE OF DONOR EGGS, BUT NOT SPERM.
EXPERTS SAID THAT THE NEW AMENDMENT WILL KEEP THE SURROGACY OPEN TO OLDER WOMEN AS WELL AS THOSE WHO CANNOT PRODUCE EGGS BECAUSE OF CERTAIN MEDICAL CONDITIONS.

64
Q

HANOOMAN WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY WHAT IS IT?

A

THE INDIC AI MODEL WHICH CAN COMMUNICATE IN 11 INDIAN LANGUAGES.

65
Q

WHAT IS CE-20?

A

THE CE-20 IS A CRYOGENIC ROCKET ENGINE DEVELOPED BY THE LIQUID PROPULSION SYSTEMS CENTRE (LPSC), A SUBSIDIARY OF THE INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION (ISRO). IT HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO POWER THE UPPER STAGE OF THE LVM3.

66
Q

WHAT IS GENIE IN NEWS?

A

GENIE IS A NEW GENERATIVE AI (GenAI) MODEL THAT CAN CREATE AN INTERACTIVE VIDEO GAMES FROM JUST A TEXT OR IMAGE PROMPT.

67
Q

WHAT IS MYBPC-3?

A

CARDIAC MYOSIN BINDING PROTEIN C.
ITS MUTATION CAN LEAD TO CARDIAC ARREST AT YOUNG AGE.
FOUND IN 4.5% OF THE INDIAN POPULATION BUT IS RARE GLOBALLY.

68
Q

WHAT IS LAMB3?

A

LAMB3 IS A GENE THAT ENCODES A PROTEIN LAMININ SUBUNIT BETA-3.
ITS MUTATION CAUSE LETHAL SKIN DISEASE.

69
Q

INDIA’S SECOND SPACEPORT?

A

KULASEKARAPATTINAM (TAMIL NADU).
1ST ONE IS SRIHARIKOTA (ANDHRA PRADESH).

70
Q

WHAT IS A COSMODROME?

A

COSMODROME OR A SPACEPORT IS A SITE FOR LAUNCHING OR RECEIVING SPACECRAFT, BY ANALOGY TO A SEAPORT FOR SHIPS OR AN AIRPORT FOR AIRCRAFT.

71
Q

WHAT IS DOGLEG MANOEUVRE?

A

SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM SRIHARIKOTA HAD TO OVERFLY SRI LANKA LEADING TO BURNING OF MORE FUEL.
THIS WILL NOT BE FACED IN KULASEKARAPATTINAM.

72
Q

WHAT IS EPIGENETICS?

A

IN ADDITION TO GENETIC FACTORS, ADVERSE INTRAUTERINE EXPERIENCES INCREASE THE RISK OF FUTURE DISEASE. THIS TYPE OF INHERITANCE IS CALLED EPIGENETIC AND ACTS BY INFLUENCING THE EXPRESSION OF GENES RATHER THAN CHANGING THE SEQUENCE OF DNA.

73
Q

AMYCRETIN AND WEGOVY WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY, WHAT ARE THEY?

A

WEIGHT LOSING DRUGS.

74
Q

WHAT IS MIRV?

A

MULTIPLE INDEPENDENTLY TARGET-ABLE RE ENTRY VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IS THE CAPABILITY THAT ALLOWS MULTIPLE WARHEADS TO BE LOADED ON A SINGLE MISSILE DELIVERY SYSTEM AND PROGRAMMED TO HIT DIFFERENT TARGETS, THUS GREATLY ENHANCING THE MISSILE’S DESTRUCTIVE POTENTIAL.
INDIA HAS TESTED AN AGNI-5 EQUIPPED WITH MIRV TECHNOLOGY.

75
Q

TO WHICH COUNTRY DOES ABABEEL BELONGS?

A

ABABEEL MISSILE OR THE ABABEEL WEAPON SYSTEM IS AN MIRV (MULTIPLE INDEPENDENTLY TARGET-ABLE RE-ENTRY VEHICLE) SURFACE-TO-SURFACE MEDIUM-RANGE BALLISTIC MISSILE DEVELOPED BY PAKISTAN.

76
Q

YAOUNDE DECLARATION IS RELATED TO WHAT?

A

MINISTERS OF HEALTH FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST BURDEN OF MALARIA RECENTLY SIGNED THE YAOUNDE DECLARATION WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF ENDING MALARIA.

77
Q

DEVIN WAS IN NEWS RECENTLY. WHAT IS IT?

A

WORLD’S 1ST AI SOFTWARE ENGINEER.

78
Q

WHAT IS CORE LOADING?

A

CORE LOADING REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF PLACING NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLIES INSIDE THE CORE OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR.
THE COMPLETION OF CORE LOADING AT THE KALPAKKAM FAST BREEDER REACTOR WILL EFFECTIVELY MARK THE FIRST APPROACH TO CRITICALITY- THE INITIATION OF A SELF SUSTAINING NUCLEAR FISSION REACTION THAT WILL EVENTUALLY LEAD TO THE GENERATION OF POWER BY THE 500 MEGAWATT ELECTRIC (MWe) FBR.

79
Q

TERM FISSILE AND FERTILE ARE RELATED TO?

A

NUCLEAR FUELS ARE CLASSIFIED AS
1. FISSILE- U233, U235, Pu239.
2. FERTILE-U238, Th232.
- FISSILE ISOTOPES CAN BE DIRECTLY USED AS NUCLEAR FUEL.
- FERTILE ISOTOPES NEED TO BE CONVERTED INTO FISSILE BEFORE THEY CAN BE USED. U235 IS THE ONLY FISSILE ISOTOPE THAT OCCURS IN NATURE.

80
Q

PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTORS AND FAST REACTORS?

A
  1. PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTORS BURN U235 AND ALSO CONVERT FERTILE U238 TO Pu239.
    THIS PLUTONIUM IS USED IN FAST BREEDER REACTORS AS FUEL TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY.
  2. FAST REACTORES- PRODUCE MORE FUEL THAN THEY CONSUME.
    THEY ALSO AID IN THE CONVERSION OF FERTILE Th232 INTO FISSILE U233, WHICH CAN BE USED TO FUEL SUBSEQUENT REACTORS.
81
Q

WHAT IS NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION?

A

NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION INVOLVES THE CONVERSION OF A CHEMICAL ELEMENT OR ISOTOPE INTO ANOTHER CHEMICAL ELEMENT, WITH THE NUMBERS OF PROTONS OR NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF THE ATOM UNDERGOING A CHANGE.

82
Q

INDIA’S 3 STAGE PROGRAMME REGARDING NUCLEAR FUELS AND REACTORS?

A
  1. STAGE 1- PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTORS USE NATURAL URANIUM BASED FUELS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY, WHILE PRODUCING FISSILE Pu239, WHICH CAN BE EXTRACTED BY REPROCESSING THE SPENT FUEL.
  2. STAGE 2- FAST BREEDER REACTORS OF THE KIND AT KALAPAKKAM, USING Pu BASED FUELS, CAN ENHANCE NUCLEAR POWER CAPACITY, AND CONVERT FERTILE THORIUM INTO FISSILE URANIUM (U233).
  3. STAGE 3- U233 PRODUCED IN THE SECOND STAGE CAN BE USED FOR THE THIRD STAGE OF THE POWER PROGRAMME, WHICH CONSISTS OF ADVANCED THERMAL AND FAST BREEDER REACTORS, FOR LONG TERM ENERGY SECURITY. IN ADDITION, FISSILE ISOTOPES CAN BE PRODUCED BY ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SUBCRITICAL REACTOR (ADS) SYSTEMS.
83
Q

Lyme disease is caused by?

A

Borrelia bacteria.

84
Q

What is SAKHI app?

A

It refers to ‘Space-borne Assistant and Knowledge Hub for Crew Interaction’ (SAKHI).
It will help astronauts on Gaganyaan space flight mission.

85
Q

SAKHI app is developed by?

A

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), an ISRO Facility at Thumba, Thiruvanathapuram.

86
Q

What are AI tokens?

A
  • These refers to cryptocurrencies that are specifically developed to fuel AI-based projects, applications, and services.
  • These tokens serve either as a means of payment for transactions on the AI platform or as a way of conferring governance rights to holders.
  • Some Examples of AI Tokens: Scotty the AI, eTukTuk, Nosana, and Artificial Liquid Intelligence - An ecosystem built to enhance AI ownership.
87
Q

What are twin stars?

A

Pairs of stars that formed within the same interstellar cloud of gas and dust called co-natal stars giving them the same chemical makeup and roughly equal mass and age. These are the “twins.”While the pairs are moving together in the same direction within our Milky Way galaxy, they are not binary systems of two stars gravitationally bound to each other.

88
Q

WHO approved oral Cholera vaccines (OCV) are?

A
  1. Dukoral
  2. Shanchol
  3. Euvichol-Plus.
89
Q

What is CoVinet?

A

A Global Laboratory To Monitor Emerging Coronavirus.

90
Q

Shiva and Shakti was in news recently. What are they?

A
  • They are two ancient streams of stars discovered by European Space Agency Gaia.
  • They are among the earliest building blocks of Milky way galaxy.
  • Shakti and Shiva share similarities, they are not identical.
91
Q

Gaia Space Observatory.
1. Goal
2. Agency
3. Launched in ?

A
  • It is an astronomical observatory mission.
    1. Goal– to create the largest, most precise three dimensional map of the Milky Way by surveying about 1% of the galaxy’s 100 billion stars, mapping their motions, luminosity, temperature and composition.
    This huge stellar census will provide detailed insights about the origin, structure and evolutionary history of our galaxy.
    2. Agency– European Space Agency.
    3. Launched in– 2013 & positioned in Sun-Earth L2 lagrange Point.
92
Q

What is Atoms4NetZero programme?

A

Atoms4NetZero is an International Atomic Energy Agency initiative that supports efforts by Member States to harness the power of nuclear energy in the transition to net zero.

93
Q

_______ became the largest EU member to legalize recreational use of cannabis. Malta and Luxembourg legalized recreational use in 2021 and 2023, respectively.

A

Germany.

94
Q

What is the Evershed effect?

A

The Evershed effect, named after the British astronomer John Evershed, is the radial flow of gas across the photospheric surface of the penumbra of sunspots from the inner border with the umbra towards the outer edge.

95
Q

The first observatory to confirm the Evershed effect was?

A

Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (Tamil Nadu) was the first to confirm the Evershed effect in 1909— the radial motion in sunspots.

96
Q

Presence of Ozone has been discovered on which Moon recently?

A

On Jupiter’s moon Callisto.

97
Q

What is S.A.R.A.H?

A

S.A.R.A.H - A Smart AI Resource Assistant for Health is an Generative AI based digital health model with temporary supported by Soul Machines Biological AI.

98
Q

Objective of PRATUSH Radio Telescope?

A

Probing Reionization of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen.
To study the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization and spot signals from the Dark Ages (which would be essentially free from the influence of any starlight).
It is a future radiometer in lunar orbit.

99
Q

PRATUSH Radio Telescope is built by?

A

Raman Research Institute (RRI) in collaboration with ISRO.

100
Q

What is Cosmic Dawn?

A

It is a period in cosmology, when the first sources of radiation (such as stars and galaxies) first formed.

101
Q

What is Epoch of Reionization?

A

It is the duration over which the radiation from the Cosmic Dawn re-ionized most of the Hydrogen atoms to once again result in mostly protons and electrons.

102
Q

Upcoming missions to study the Cosmic Dawn from moon surface?

A
  • Lunar Surface Electromagnetic Experiment (LuSEE Night)- It is a joint NASA Berkeley Lab project, scheduled for launch in December 2025.
  • Agronaut by European Space Agency by 2030.
103
Q

What is POEM-3 which was in news recently?

A

ISRO attained a significant milestone in space debris reduction by repurposing the last stage i.e. 4th stage of the PSLV, into the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module-3 (POEM-3), effectively transforming it into an orbital station.

104
Q

Dragon’s Egg was in news recently what is it?

A
  • Two large stars residing inside a spectacular cloud of gas and dust nicknamed the “Dragon’s Egg” nebula have presented a puzzle to astronomers.
  • One of them has a magnetic field, as does our sun. Its companion does not. Moreover, such massive stars are not usually associated with nebulae.
  • The Dragon’s Egg is so named because it is located relatively near a larger nebula conplex called the ‘Fighting Dragons of Ara’.
105
Q

Llama 3, Mistral 7B, Gemma B, Claude 3 Sonnet, MMLU 5-shot, GPQA 0-shot, HumanEval 0-shot, GSM-8K 8-shot and Math 4-shot were in news recently what are they?

A

Llama or Large Language Model Meta AI is a family of LLMs introduced by META AI.
All these are open source AIs.

106
Q

What is Dragonfly Mission?

A

NASA’s mission with its Quad Rotorcraft to Saturn’s organic rich moon Titan.

107
Q

Eta Aquariid was in news recently, what is it?

A
  • It is a Meteor shower seen in May every year (best visible in Indonesia and Australia), visible by naked eye.
  • It is formed when Earth passes through the orbital plane of the famous Halley’s Comet, which takes about 76 years to orbit the Sun once.
  • Seems to originate from the Aquarius constellation– hence ‘Eta Aquariid’.
  • In Northern Hemisphere, Eta Aquariid meteors most often appear as Earthgazers– long meteors which appear to skim the surface of the Earth.
  • In the South, however, they can be seen higher up in the sky, and hence are more visible.
108
Q

What are the meteor showers under Halley’s Comet?

A
  1. Eta Aquariid
  2. Orionids
109
Q

Brief about Boeing’s Starliner?

A
  • Also known as CST-100 (crew space transportation).
  • Has two modules– Crew module (can be reused 10 times) and the Service module (which can’t be reused).
  • Objective– to test how well Starliner performs in space with astronauts on boards.

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