science atomic models Flashcards
(17 cards)
Daltons atomic model
- indivisibal and indestructable
- different atoms of different elements were different sizes
- couldnt explain why
- only knew an atom existed
- 1803
Plum puddings model (J.J THOMASON)
- Electrons surrounded by positive energy
- couldnt explain stability
- couldnt explain how the positive energy kept the electrons in the atom
- 1904
Rutherford
- empty space, positive nucleus with orbiting electrons
- couldnt explain stability
- 1911
Bohr
- Electrons traveled in fixed orbits and jumped from different orbitals by absorbing and emitting energy
- Couldn’t explain how they didn’t just crash into the nucleus
- 1913
Schrödinger: Quantum mechanics
Electrons move in no fixed orbits and move in waves, which means you cant predict where they are due to their unpredictability, which people call a predictability cloud. The darker the cloud, the more likely they are to be there.
-Didn’t show the speed or placement (kind of the whole point)
Mass of a proton
1
mass of an electron
almost 0
mass of a neutron
1
charge of a proton
+1
charge of a nucleus
0
charge of an electron
-1
Why are the protons and electrons equal
protons have to be equal because the protons are positively charged and the electrons are negatively charged so they have to cancel each other out, so they have no overall charge.
how do you find the mass number?
number of Proton + Neutron
how do you find the neutron number
mass - protons
what are shells?
Electrons exist on layers called shells. Each shell can take up to a limited amount of electrons. 2, 8, 8, 2
What is an isotope
An isotope is an atom with more neutrons than the protons and electrons
Does having more neutrons in an atom affect the charge
No, it doesn’t affect the charge since neutrons have a charge of 0.
