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Science Benchmark review Flashcards

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1
Q

In his periodic table, Mendeleev organized the elements according to increasing…

A

From left to right across each row, elements are arranged by increasing atomic mass

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2
Q

The Periodic Table is organized vertically into columns known as….

A

groups

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3
Q

A (blank) is a row in which elements are organized horizontally on the Periodic Table.

A

period

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4
Q

All elements on the left side of the periodic table are (blank) except for (blank).

A

metals; hydrogen

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5
Q

The elements on the far right-hand side of the periodic table.

A

nonmetals

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6
Q

The (blank) of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus.

A

atomic number

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7
Q

The sum of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom is the…..

A

atomic mass number

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8
Q

number of protons=

A

number of electrons

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9
Q

element

A

matter made up of only one kind of atom

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10
Q

All matter is made up of tiny particles called

A

atoms

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11
Q

proton

A

positively charged particles in the nucleus

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12
Q

electron

A

negatively charged particles in the energy levels or shell

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13
Q

neutron

A

neutral particles in the nucleus

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14
Q

Dmitiri Mendeleev

A

developed the first periodic table

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15
Q

Henry Mosley

A

developed the modern periodic table

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16
Q

periodic

A

repeating according to the pattern

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17
Q

Some physical properties used to distinguish metals, nonmetals, an metalloids

A

luster, conductivity, malleability, and ductility

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18
Q

Metals are found….

A

on the left side of the zigzag line on the periodic table

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19
Q

Metals are (blank) at room temperature except for mercury.

A

solid

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20
Q

Metals are (blank) conductors of electricity and heat.

A

good

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21
Q

Metals are (blank) and (blank)

A

ductile and malleable

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22
Q

Physical Properties: Metals

A

metallic looking with a shiny luster

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23
Q

Nonmetals are found….

A

to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table

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24
Q

Nonmetals are (blank) at room temperature

A

solid, liquid, or gas

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25
Nonmetals are (blank) conductors of electricity and heat
poor
26
Physical Properties: Nonmetals
not metallic looking with a dull luster
27
Nonmetals are (blank) when solid
brittle
28
Metalloids are found...
along the zigzag line on the periodic table
29
Physical Properties: Metalloids
Have no set characteristics. Share properties of metals and nonmetals
30
Chemical Properties of Metals
reactivity and corrosion
31
Chemical property of nonmetals
low reactivity
32
Group 1
Alkali Metals
33
Physical Properties: Alkali Metals
All metals and solid at room temperature, soft, silvery, and easy to cut w a knife
34
Group 2
Alkaline Earth Metals
35
Physical Properties: Alkaline Earth Metals
solid at room temperature, white, and silvery
36
Chemical Properties: Alkaline Earth Metals
Low density, melting point, and boiling point, reactive and conduct electricity
37
Group 3-12
Transition Metals
38
Physical and Chemical Properties: Transition Metals
malleable and ductile, good conductors, high melting and boiling points, and dense
39
Group 13
Boron Family
40
Physical Properties: Boron Family
Mostly metals, solid at room temperature
41
Group 14
Carbon Family
42
Physical Properties: Carbon Family
Solid at room temperature, includes metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
43
Group 15
Nitrogen Family
44
Physical Properties: Nitrogen Family
Includes metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
45
Group 16
Oxygen Family
46
Group 17
Halogen Family
47
Group 18
Noble gases
48
Chemical Properties: Noble gases
not reactive, odorless and colorless, low boiling and melting points
49
chemical bond
an interaction that hods atoms or ions together
50
ions
a charged particle that forms when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons
51
ionic compounds
a compound made of oppositely charged ions
52
chemical formula
a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance
53
subscript
a letter, figure, or symbol printed below the line
54
molecule
the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance
55
valance electron
electrons on the outermost energy level
56
Lewis dot model
to represent the number of valance electrons within an element
57
cation
positive ion
58
anion
negative ion
59
The number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares are written as superscripts are called....
oxidation number
60
If the outer shell of an atom is mostly empty......
then it will give up electrons to get a full shell
61
If the outer shell of an atom is mostly full.....
it will pick up electrons
62
Ionic bond
forms between metals and nonmetals
63
Metals transfer electrons to make nonmetals stable
ionic bond
64
Physical properties: Ionic bond
crystal formation, hard, and brittle
65
covalent bond
Forms between nonmetals
66
Nonmetals form covalent bonds by sharing electrons
covalent bond
67
Chemical and Physical Properties: Covalent
don't conduct electricity, brittle
68
mono
1
69
di
2
70
tri
3
71
tetra
4
72
penta
5
73
hexa
6
74
hepta
7
75
octa
8
76
nan
9
77
deca
10
78
polar bond
unequal sharing of electrons
79
nonpolar bond
equal sharing of electrons
80
A process in which at least one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change
chemical reaction
81
short and easy way to show a chemical reaction
chemical equation
82
coefficient
a number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation
83
reactants
substances to the left
84
products
substances to the right
85
->
produces/yields
86
+
plus
87
(s)
solid
88
(l)
liquid
89
(g)
gas
90
(dq)
aqueous
91
synthesis
reaction where two or more substances combine to form another substance
92
decomposition
reaction where one substance breaks down or decomposes into two or more simpler substances
93
single replacement
reaction which one element replaces another in a compound
94
double replacement
a positive ion of one compound swaps with another positive ion of another compound
95
endothermic reaction
process or reaction that release energy energy, usually in the form of heat or light
96
endothermic reaction
chemical reaction in which more energy i needed to break bonds
97
law conservation of mass
any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy
98
closed system
physical system that does not allow a transfer of matter in or out of the system
99
a system in which the components and protocols and confirm standards independent of a particular supplier
open system

Science Flash Cards (6 decks)

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