Science C2

Question 1

What is the trend in atomic mass across the periodic table?

Answer 1

Atoms increase in mass from left to right

Question 2

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 2

Amount of protons (Increases by one each element)

Question 3

Define mass number.

Answer 3

Proton + Neutron

Question 4

What are the charges of protons, electrons, and neutrons?

Answer 4

• Protons = Positive charge
• Electrons = Negative charge
• Neutrons = No charge

Question 5

How do electrons orbit the nucleus?

Answer 5

In electron shells

Question 6

What is the maximum number of electrons that the first electron shell can hold?

Answer 6

2 electrons

Question 7

What is the maximum number of electrons that the second and third electron shells can hold?

Answer 7

8 electrons each

Question 8

What holds electrons in place?

Answer 8

Electrostatic forces

Question 9

What elements are included in Group 1 of the periodic table?

Answer 9

• Lithium
• Sodium
• Potassium

Question 10

What happens to atomic and mass numbers as you go down Group 1?

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

What trend is observed in melting points as you go down Group 1?

Answer 11

Decreases

Question 12

What is the electronic structure of Lithium?

Answer 12

2, 1

Question 13

What is the electronic structure of Sodium?

Answer 13

2, 8, 1

Question 14

What is the electronic structure of Potassium?

Answer 14

2, 8, 8, 1

Question 15

What are the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table?

Answer 15

• Fluorine
• Chlorine
• Bromine

Question 16

Which element in Group 7 is a liquid at room temperature?

Answer 16

Bromine

Question 17

Rank the reactivity of the halogens from most to least reactive.

Answer 17

• Fluorine > Chlorine > Bromine

Question 18

What trend occurs in melting and boiling points as you go down Group 7?

Answer 18

Increases

Question 19

What is the electronic structure of Fluorine?

Answer 19

2, 7

Question 20

What is the electronic structure of Chlorine?

Answer 20

2, 8, 7

Question 21

What is the electronic structure of Bromine?

Answer 21

2, 8, 8, 7

Question 22

What are the elements in Group 8 of the periodic table?

Answer 22

• Helium
• Neon
• Argon

Question 23

What is the reactivity of noble gases?

Answer 23

Inert (unreactive)

Question 24

What happens to atomic and mass numbers as you go down Group 8?

Answer 24

Increases

Question 25

What trend occurs in melting and boiling points as you go down Group 8?

Answer 25

Increases

Question 26

What is the electronic structure of Helium?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

What is the electronic structure of Neon?

Answer 27

2, 8

Question 28

What is the electronic structure of Argon?

Answer 28

2, 8, 8

Question 29

What is the relationship between the number of electrons and protons in an atom?

Answer 29

Number of electrons = Number of protons

Question 30

What is the overall charge of an atom?

Answer 30

No overall charge

Question 31

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Answer 31

Their outermost electron shells are full

Question 32

What happens when a sodium atom loses an electron?

Answer 32

It becomes a sodium ion (Na+)

Question 33

Why is a sodium ion more stable than a sodium atom?

Answer 33

It has a full outermost shell

Question 34

What symbol represents a chlorine ion after gaining an electron?

Answer 34

Cl-

Question 35

What is formed in an ionic bond?

Answer 35

Attraction between positively and negatively charged ions

Question 36

Why are some atoms like potassium more reactive?

Answer 36

They have more electron shells, making it easier to overcome electrostatic forces

Question 37

What is the formula for sodium chloride?

Answer 37

NaCl

Question 38

What is the process of forming ionic compounds?

Answer 38

When a metal ion reacts with a non-metal ion

Question 39

What is the resulting ionic compound when magnesium gives two electrons to oxygen?

Answer 39

MgO

Question 40

What is the structure of sodium chloride?

Answer 40

Giant lattice structure

Question 41

What is a characteristic of giant covalent structures?

Answer 41

Strong covalent bonds form a three-dimensional lattice

Question 42

Why are diamonds strong and hard?

Answer 42

Each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds

Question 43

What is a property of graphite?

Answer 43

Layers can easily slide over one another

Question 44

Why do ionic substances have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 44

Due to strong electrostatic forces

Question 45

What is the melting and boiling point characteristic of covalent structures made from simple molecules?

Answer 45

Low melting and boiling points

Question 46

Under what condition can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 46

If dissolved or melted