SCIENCE CELL REVISION PART 2

Question 1

describe the role of enzymes in chemical digestion

Answer 1

These enzymes break the chemical bonds that hold food particles together.

Question 2

Describe the products of protein and carbohydrate breakdown in the body

Answer 2

• They mostly break down carbohydrates and fats.
• Once a protein source reaches your stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes called proteases break it down into smaller chains of amino acids.

Question 3

recall the 3 principles of cell theory

Answer 3

• all living things are made up of cells
• new cells are created by old cell dividing in 2
• all cells are similar to each other but not identical

Question 4

Describe diffusion processes in the respiratory system

Answer 4

Diffusion in the respiratory system is essential for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal. It is governed by passive transport, dictated by pressure gradients, and is influenced by structural and functional properties of the lungs and blood.

Question 5

Define the term diffusion

Answer 5

Diffusion is the net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Question 6

Describe the function of the respiratory system in animals

Answer 6

1. Deliver oxygen to the lungs for exchange with carbon dioxide.
2. Remove carbon dioxide from the body.
3. Conduct inspired air containing oxygen to the areas where gaseous exchange takes place.
4. Allow the exchange of gases between an organism and the environment.
   1

Question 7

what are the different types of microscopes

Answer 7

• a light microscope
• a scanning electron microscope
• a stereo microscope

Question 8

what are the key features of the digestive system

Answer 8

mouth, teeth, Toung, oesophagus, stomach, intestine (large and small), rectum, anus, gallbladder, liver, pancreas

Question 9

protease

Answer 9

make proteins into amino acids

Question 10

amylase

Answer 10

carbohydrates into sugars

Question 11

lipase

Answer 11

lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 12

what are the key features of the respiratory system

Answer 12

mouth, nasal cavities, salivary glands, epiglottis, farenex, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm, intercoastal muscles, ribs

Question 13

what are the 4 steps of digestion

Answer 13

• ingestion taking food into the body
• mechanical digestion physical break down of food into small pieces
• chemical digestion chemicals in your body react with food
• absorption broken down food is taken up by the cells in your body