Science Ch. 9 Flashcards
(17 cards)
ATP
compound used by cells to store and release energy
Photosynthesis
process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
Pigment
light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy
Chlorophyll
principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms
Thylakoid
saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
Stroma
fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
NADP+
(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules
Light-Dependent Reactions
set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
Light-Independent Reactions
set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle
Photosystem
cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids
Electron Transport Chain
series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
ATP Synthase
cluster of proteins that span the thylakoid membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it
Calvin Cycle
the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar
Xylem
vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
Phloem
vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis through the plant
What are the two parts of Chloroplasts?
Grana/Stroma
What is the formula in symbols for photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
