science chapter 19

Question 1

When lightning strikes, some of the energy releases…(3 main things)

Answer 1

the lightning bolt we see, the sound of thunder, and the thermal energy around the bolt

Question 2

The amount of positive protons and negative electrons are always

Answer 2

equal to one another

Question 3

Oppositely charged particles (protons and electrons) are…

Answer 3

attracted to one another like a magnet

Question 4

Any object can become ___________ ________, making it an ___.

Answer 4

electrically charged, ion

Question 5

Different materials carry electrons more…

Answer 5

loosely than others

Question 6

objects become unbalanced when?

Answer 6

objects loose electrons, causing these electrons to bounce around to other objects. (electrons must = protons)

Question 7

An unbalanced negative or positive electric charge on an object is sometimes referred to as a?

Answer 7

static charge

Question 8

the region surrounding a charged object that applies an electric force to other charged objects around it (can attract or repel other charged objects)

Answer 8

electric field

Question 9

The strength of the electric force relies on the total amount of…(2 things)

Answer 9

charge on both objects and the distance between the objects.

Question 10

The Strength of an electric field increases as the…

Answer 10

total amount of charge of the two objects increases

Question 11

A stronger electric field applies a…

Answer 11

stronger electric force to other objects.

Question 12

The strength of an electric field increases as the…

Answer 12

distance between the two objects decreases.

Question 13

A material in which electrons cannot easily move

Answer 13

electric insulator

Question 14

A material in which electrons can easily move

Answer 14

electric conductor

Question 15

When objects made of different materials touch, electrons tend to collect on the object that holds electrons tighter. This is known as…

Answer 15

transferring charge by contact

Question 16

Insulators and Conductors can be…

Answer 16

charged by contact

Question 17

a process by which one object causes two other objects that are conductors to become charged without touching them

Answer 17

Transferring charge by induction

Question 18

When electrons concentrate at one end of an object, the object is…

Answer 18

polarized

Question 19

When conducting objects with unequal charges touch, electrons flow from the object with a _______ _____________ __ ________ _______ to the object with a _____ ___________ __ ________ ______.

Answer 19

greater concentration of negative charge, lower concentration of negative charge

Question 20

The process of an unbalanced electric charge becoming balanced (can occur slowly or quickly)

Answer 20

electric discharge

Question 21

Providing a path for electric charges to flow safely into the ground

Answer 21

grounding

Question 22

How many people die from lightning each year?

Answer 22

2000

Question 23

how many bolts of lightning strike the earths surface every second?

Answer 23

50

Question 24

Each bolt of lightning carries

Answer 24

10 billion watts

Question 25

The color of lightning depends on...(3)

Answer 25

atmospheric humidity, temperature, and levels of air pollution

Question 26

comes from heated air rapidly vibrating from extreme temperature

Answer 26

thunder

Question 27

air around lightning can be heated to

Answer 27

5x hotter than the sun

Question 28

The movement of electrically charged particles

Answer 28

electric current

Question 29

A closed, or complete, path in which an electric current travels

Answer 29

electric circuit

Question 30

Electric current is measured as

Answer 30

the number of electrons that flow past a point every second

Question 31

scientists count electrons by a quantity called?

Answer 31

a coulomb

Question 32

1 coulomb =

Answer 32

6x10^18

Question 33

The scientific unit to measure electric current

Answer 33

ampere (A)

Question 34

a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current to flow in a material

Answer 34

electric resistance

Question 35

the scientific unit for electric resistance

Answer 35

an Ohm (Ω)

Question 36

good electric conductors have a _______ resistance

Answer 36

low

Question 37

good electric insulators have a ______ resistance

Answer 37

high

Question 38

Thicker wires have ______ electric resistance than thinner wires

Answer 38

lower

Question 39

increasing the length of a conductor increases its

Answer 39

electric resistance

Question 40

the amount of energy the source uses to move one coulomb of electrons through the circuit

Answer 40

voltage

Question 41

the higher the voltage source,

Answer 41

the more electric energy is transformed into other types of energy

Question 42

a mathematical equation that describes the relationships among voltage, current, and resistance

Answer 42

Ohm's law

Question 43

As the voltage of a circuit’s electric energy source increases,

Answer 43

the current in the circuit increases too

Question 44

As the resistance of a circuit increases,

Answer 44

the current decreases

Question 45

Ohms law equation...

Answer 45

current (I=amperes) x Resistance (A=Ω) = Voltage (V=volts)

Question 46

helps determine which circuits have a greater electric resistance

Answer 46

volumeters

Question 47

All parts of a circuit transform some of the electric energy into

Answer 47

wasted thermal energy

Question 48

CFLs conduct an electric current through

Answer 48

gas (wastes less thermal energy)

Question 49

an electric circuit with only one path for an electric current to follow

Answer 49

a series circuit

Question 50

an electric circuit with more than one path, or branch, for an electric current to follow

Answer 50

a parallel circuit

Question 51

carries the energy from a power plant to your home or office

Answer 51

transmission wires

Question 52

measure the energy used in the electric circuits of your home

Answer 52

electric meters

Question 53

having too many branches in a circuit can cause

Answer 53

dangerously high currents

Question 54

a piece of metal that breaks a circuit by melting from the thermal energy made by a high current

Answer 54

a fuse

Question 55

a switch that automatically opens a circuit when the current is too great

Answer 55

a circuit breaker

Question 56

used where an outlet is found near a source of water, like a sink. They protect you from dangerous electric shocks.

Answer 56

a GFCI

Question 57

occurs when an electric current passes through the human body

Answer 57

electric shocks