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science circuit test flashcards

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1
Q

What is electric charge?

A

Electric charge is the property of protons (positive) and electrons (negative).

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2
Q

What is an electric field?

A

An electric field is the region around an object with a charge that exerts its electric force onto another object with a charge.

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3
Q

What are the three methods of charging?

A

Friction, Conduction, and Induction

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4
Q

What is static discharge?

A

Static discharge is the loss of static electricity when electric charges transfer from one object to another. This creates a spark because the
transfer of electrons produces heat in the air around them until it glows.
ex. spark when touching a door knob or on an extreme level, lightning

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5
Q

What is an electroscope?

A

https://images.cram.com/tmp/37710621.png
An instrument for
detecting and
measuring electricity

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6
Q

What is static electricity?

A

The build up of electrons.
An electric charge produced usually by friction (rubbing)
ex. rubbing balloon on your hair

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7
Q

What is current electricity?

A

The flow of electricity (electrons) in an electric circuit

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8
Q

What is voltage?

A

The difference in electrical potential energy between two places in a circuit. (more batteries in the circuit, more voltage, more current) In other words, voltage is the amount of force pushing an electric current.
the “push”
label = V

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9
Q

What are amps?

A

The unit for the rate of current, which is the amount of charge that passes through a wire in a unit of time.
label = A

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10
Q

What is resistance?

A

The measure of how difficult it is for charges to flow through the material. The label is ohm and the more resistance, the less current there is for a given voltage.
the friction
Ω

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11
Q

What is the filament in a lightbulb?

A

Filaments are the coiled wire inside of the light bulb. Energy runs through the filament and the filament lights up.

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12
Q

What is an electrochemical cell?

A

It is a device that transforms chemical energy into electrical energy. The salt water soaked paper in between the Silver and Zinc acted as the electrochemical cell in Voltas battery.

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13
Q

What is a battery made of?

A

Electrodes, electrolytes, two terminals (one positive one negative)

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14
Q

What is the Ohms law equation?

A

Voltage = Current x Resistance
Voltage (V) = Amps (A) x Ohms (

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14
Q

What is the Ohms law equation?

A

Voltage = Current x Resistance
Voltage (V) = Amps (A) x Ohms (Ω)

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15
Q

What is the equation for Electrical Power?

A

Power = Voltage x Current

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16
Q

What is the equation for Electrical energy?

A

Electrical Energy = Power (watts) x Time (seconds)

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17
Q

What are electrodes?

A

Electrodes are the two different types of metals in electrochemical cells that are immersed in an electrolyte. Silver and Zinc are the electrodes in Voltas experiment.

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18
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Substances that conduct electrical currents. The salt water is the electrolyte in Voltas experiment.

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19
Q

What is a circuit breaker?

A

A circuit breaker is a safety switch that breaks the circuit when the current becomes too high. Some circuit breakers use a metal band that once heated up will bend away from the wires, disrupting the current. Unlike a fuse, a circuit breaker can be reset by pulling the switch back to reconnect the metal band to the wires.

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20
Q

What is a fuse?

A

A fuse has a metal strip that melts when a circuit becomes very heated. Once the metal melts it breaks the circuit, which stops the current. This would prevent a fire from occurring.

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21
Q

What is an open circuit?

A

An open circuit is when there is an opening within the circuit that stops the flow of the current. For example, a switch could be open, not allowing the current to flow through it in order to get to the light bulb. The bulb could also have been unscrewed opening up the circuit.

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22
Q

What is a closed circuit?

Study These Flashcards
A

A closed circuit is when the circuit is completely connected, allowing for the currents to flow through the “track” of wires and bulbs. The switch would be closed, allowing the currents to flow through it to get to the light bulbs so they can produce light.

23
Q

What is a series circuit?

Study These Flashcards
A

A connected circuit where there is only one path for the current to take.

24
What is a parallel circuit?
Parallel circuits have the different parts of the circuit on separate branches, so there are several paths for the currents to take.
25
What did Ohm learn through research?
Voltage affects current. The more voltage the more current, direct relationship. If you double the voltage, the current will double in order to keep the resistance constant.
26
What are four factors that change resistance?
Material the wire is made of, the length of the wire, the diameter, and the temperature.
27
What is a short circuit?
A connection that allows current to take the path of least resistance.
28
What is electrical power?
Power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another.
29
What is electrical energy?
Electrical energy is energy related to forces on electrically-charged particles and the movement of those particles.
30
What is a conductor?
These transfer electric charges well. Conductors are made of metals like silver, copper, aluminum, and iron. These are materials through which charge can flow easily. The electrons in a conductor, conduction electrons, are bonded loosely, so they can flow through the material and create an electric current. Conductors carry that electric current. (ex. The wires inside of a charger that have electric charges flowing to charge up your device)
31
What is an insulator?
These do not transfer electric charges well. Insulators are materials through which charges do ot flow through easily. Insulators are made of rubber, glass, sand, plastic, and wood. These materials contain tightly bonded electrons that cannot move around easily. Insulators help to stop the flow of charges. (ex. The rubber on the outside of a charger insulates and keeps you from getting shocked when touching the cord)
32
What is electric force?
The attraction or repulsion between electric charges.
33
What attracts and what repels?
Opposites attract and the same charges repel.
34
What is another way of saying potential difference?
Voltage
35
What are voltage sources?
Devices that create a potential difference in the electrical circuit. These are batteries and generators. The voltage sources have two terminals allowing the charges to move around the circuit.
36
Chemical energy can be converted into......
Electrical energy
37
What did Galvani discover?
Galvani discovered that there was “animal electricity” in living tissue after examining the anatomy of a frog while the leg was held by a metal hook, resulting in the leg twitching. However, this hypothesis later was proven to be incorrect.
38
What did Volta discover?
Volta discovered that Galvani’s discovery was actually a chemical reaction between the iron railing, the brass hook, and the salty fluids in the frog's leg muscle. After testing this with paper soaked in salt water, zinc, and silver, he found that it created a current and the more of those materials there were, the more current there was.
39
What did Volta create?
Layering the paper, zinc, and silver, he created the first electric battery.
40
What are wet cells?
This is when the electrochemical cell has liquid electrolytes. Ex. The battery in Voltas experiment would be a wet cell because of the salt water.
41
What are dry cells?
This is when the electrochemical cell has electrolytes that are a paste, like flashlights.
42
How are batteries different from electrochemical cells?
Batteries are a combination of two or more electrochemical cells in a series. The electrochemical cells can be stacked to create a battery. Two electrochemical cells are connected so one end of a battery would have a positive terminal and the other negative.
43
How would you find the voltage of a battery?
You would find the total voltage by adding the voltages of the individual cells.
44
When a wire has a larger diameter is there more or less resistance?
Less resistance, more room for current to flow through
45
When a wire is hotter is there more or less resistance?
More resistance
46
If a wire is longer is there more or less resistance?
More resistance, current has to go through more wire
47
How does the material of a wire affect its resistance?
If the material is a conductor, metals, then it would conduct electricity well, so there would be less resistance. But if the material is an insulator, paper, wood, plastic, it would not conduct electricity well, resulting in a lot of resistance.
48
What is an A.C.?
An A.C. (alternating current) is an electric current that constantly changes direction. A.C. electrons move back and forth
49
What is a D.C.?
A D.C. (direct current) is an electric current that always flows in one direction. D.C. electrons follow a circuit
50
What are generators, solar panels, batteries? What do they do?
Voltage source, push electrical current
51
What is a resistor?
A device that resists the passage of electrical currents. A resistor tries to keep the charge from going through it, meaning a light bulb for example would be dimly lit rather than completely. Resistors are in between a conductor and an insulator. These consist of pencil graphite, light bulb, Nichrome wire, and Pyrite
52
Ohms law (in words)
A law that states that the voltage is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistance
53
Reminder: look at different circuit examples to think them through
54
What are three devices used to measure the properties of an electrical circuit?
Ammeter, Voltmeter, Multimeter

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