History unit 1 test flashcards

Question

Merchants

Answer 1

Acquired wealth from towns and cities, lower class than peasants, did lots of trading

Answer 2

Had higher status then they would have later on Ran family affairs, managed servants and finances Boys still seen as more valuable Once married, she completely becomes apart of their family

Answer 3

Nature painting and emperor paintings Buddhists made sculptures, influenced architecture Pagoda = multistoried temple Poetry was most respected form of Chinese literature (works about philosophy, religion, history) Poetry, painting and calligraphy were essential skills

Answer 4

Confucius 5 basic relationships son ➡️ father, youngest son ➡️ oldest son wife ➡️ husband, friend = friend Confucianism Creates a social hierarchy (social class ladder) dictatorship, emperor Includes Meritocracy and Filial piety

Answer 5

Society where the social position you get is based on how good you are (how worthy)

Answer 6

Idea that families are the most important unit Children have to obey parents boys are over girls

Answer 7

Each dynasty lasted for about 300 years

Answer 8

Mongol Chieftain during Mongol empire Born into Chieftain family, had tragic childhood, became Khagan (supreme ruler), took on name of Genghiz Khan means "world emperor" Imposed strict military discipline, loyalty, had highly trained armies Did not live to finish conquest of china, his heirs expanded mongol empire

Answer 9

Genghiz Khan's grandson Finished conquest of china after Genghiz died Ruled China and was the first emperor during the Yuan dynasty demanding but capable emperor

Answer 10

Italian Merchant who visited China during Yuan dynasty 1271: In Kublais's service for 17 years

Answer 11

Mongol Peace during 1200's and 1300's Peace and order established

Answer 12

Political stability = economic growth Protection of Silk Road, trade flourished Increase in cultural exchanges (food, tools, inventions, ideas, disease spread along trade routes)

Answer 13

tough, skilled warriors, traveled on horses nomadic people most skilled horse riders, created short bow for using on a horse grazed sheep and horses in Central Asia rival mongol clans (groups of people connected through interests, families, religions) warring each other

Answer 14

1200: Mongols conquered empire across Asia and Europe (went from coast of pacific ocean to eastern Europe) Imposed Mongol rule, overran song china Early 1200's: Genghiz united warring tribes Conquered Asian steppe lands (dry, grassy plain), dominated Asia for many years ******Ask if there are two different conquerings (Asia and Europe & Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe)

Answer 15

Not as harsh rulers after the conquest was complete Conquered people live regularly but payed tribute $$$ Ruled lands with toleration & justice Brought up ideas of different religions (Confucianism, Buddhism, Christians, Muslims, etc.)

Answer 16

Only mongols served in military, have highest gov. jobs didn't want Mongolians to be absorbed into chinese Unesay mix of Chinese, foreign ways developed During Yuan dynasty (Chinese name for this dynasty) Kublai rebuilt and extended Grand Canal to new capital (many lives lost in this process) Welcomed foreigners (Ibn Battuta)

Answer 17

Great Khans messengers ride on horses Go twenty-five miles to a posting station where there are hundreds of horses, switch out horses at each posting station More than 200,000 horses throughout the posting stations, more than 10,000 posts The organization allowed for messages to be delivered hundreds of miles away from the capital However it was a very costly system

Answer 18

Yuan dynasty declined after Kublai Khans death Heavy taxes, corruption, natural disasters, led to uprisings Zhu Yuanzhang toppled the Mongols Mongols pushed back beyond great wall 1368: Zhu founded new chinese dynasty the Ming (means brilliant)

Answer 19

Divided into tribes Used meritocracy Chose leader based on ability Worshipped nature spirits There were Shamons women had more freedom/power more equality Everyone does hard labor

Answer 20

priest/doctor/uplifter/spiritual person/ctural (medicine man)

Answer 21

foreigners of different beliefs had to debate on what belief is correct in front of Mongke

Answer 22

had great impacts on places especially russia Russia - had peasants and no new tech. they were behind other places because of the mongols

Answer 23

Has many mountains, not good for farm land majority of land not good farming, only part good for farming is flat lands by the coast Japan does not have a bordering country Surrounded by sea Felt more protected from other countries because they are seperated Ring of Fire: Most volcanic area on earth in Pacific Ocean = lots of earthquakes, tsunamis Had good tech to alarm them of tsunamis

Answer 24

Influenced by cuisine like sushi Korea influence: Buddhism 500 CE China Influence: 600's: Japan sends officials to china, learn chinese, model chinese cuisine, clothes, music 800's: japan turned away from chinese model, developed their own style, had phonetic writing (Kana) like our alphabet

Answer 25

Archipelago (made up of multiple islands) Honshu (big island, tokkyo...etc) Hokkaido Kyushu Shikoku

Answer 26

Divided into clans (people of similar interest) Shinto = Japanese religion Shinto has not spread outside of Japan Worshipping nature spirits (Kami) Kami = mountain, stream, tree deities Shrines = ex. Tori Gates (red gates) Shinto similar to Buddhism, they think in the same way, want to reach happiness, have sacred architecture (Tori gates, Buddha) Different: Shinto is not as specific and worships nature and kami's, Buddhism has specific terms, scriptures, ethical code

Answer 27

Confucianism = influenced political theories, family values, belief systems Zen Buddhism = talks about enlightenment, meditation Both influenced Japanese beliefs and practices

Answer 28

Social system (social hierarchy) Triangle social ladder

Answer 29

Military commander Has most of the power Controlled small part of Japan Distributed land to Daimyo, who would then support the shoguns armies

Answer 30

Great warriors Landholders Granted land to lesser warriors called samurai (those who serve)

Answer 31

Heavily armed and trained in fighting Were granted land by the Daimyo in exchange for military service and loyalty Had their own code of values called Bushido Were prepared for hardship (going hungry, walking in snow barefoot) not supposed to be afraid of death Were expected to commit Seppuku if they betrayed the code of bushido Similar to knights, both had to train to have higher positions, both owed military service in exchange for land

Answer 32

The way of the warrior Samurai's code of values Emphasized honor, bravery, and loyalty to ones lord

Answer 33

Ritual Suicide samurai are expected to commit if they betray the code of Bushido rather die then live without honor

Answer 34

Emphasized meditation and devotion to duty Had contradictory traditions Monks were great scholars but wanted to reach an uncluttered mind, wanted compassion but samurai would fight and kill Seeked enlightenment, connected with nature

Answer 35

Main emperor in authority Rival clans battling for control over the countryside Emperor was lead of Japanese Feudal society Was more like a figure head, shoguns had the real power 1192: Minamoto Yoritomo appointed as shogun He set up the Kamakura shogunate

Answer 36

After Mongol Invasions Kamakura (the capital) crumbled 1338: new dynasty took over, increased warfare Peasants and samurai were armed and had to defend Daimyo castles, resulted in ruthless fighting 1590: General Toyotomi Hideyoshi brought Japan under his control 1600: Daimyo Tokugawa leyasu defeated rival and became master of Japan , later was named shogun

Answer 37

End warfare, impose central gov Created a unified society by requiring Daimyo to live in Edo (capital) every other year in order to control them Strict moral code: only samurai could serve in military, have gov jobs, follow bushido, peasants stayed on the land, lower classes could not wear luxuries Women had many restrictions Had to do household duties, or else she would have to get a divorce

Answer 38

Peace in countryside, agriculture improved and expanded Food surplus led to pop growth Trade flourished, new roads to Edo for the daimyo and servants Wealthy merchant class emerged

Answer 39

Noblewomen: trained in military arts, were warriors, supervised family estates Position of women declined as samurai progressed Wife of a warrior had to accept same hardships Peasants: made up majority of pop., cultivated crops on samurai estates, foot soldiers in feudal wars Artisans: armorers (suppliers of weapons) and swordmakers, supply goods for samurai class Merchants: lowest rank in Japanese feudal society, trading

Answer 40

Fighting between warlords Khan landed invasion on Japan in 1274 fleet of ships carried many soldiers, but typhoon wrecked the mongol ships 1281: Mongols landed another larger invasion but typhoon wrecked ships again

Answer 41

They felt that Japan had special protection from the gods because both times the mongols tried to invade them tycoons wrecked their ships Felt they were set apart from other countries by the ocean Credited the kamikaze (divine winds) that sunk the mongols ships

Answer 42

Theater: 1600's there were Kabuki plays, included comedy, wooden stage, scenery Bunraku: puppet plays with narrater and puppets Literature: Essays that expressed Zen values, observations of nature Painting and Printmaking: Historical events painted on scrolls 1600's: created colorful woodblock prints

Answer 43

Sakoku (close door policy): Japanese cannot have contact with other countries, can't trade with other countries, if broken result is a death penalty Japanese ships couldn't leave the country Only traded with China and Dutch Wanted to keep Japan put, were threaten by Christians who wanted to convert them Strict social hierarchy (feudal hierarchy) Daimyo Policy: had to live in Edo (capital) every other year, this was a way to control them, samurai have more power, run them out of money , limits their opportunities Women had strict rules to follow Japanese remained closed door (isolated themselves from other countries)

History unit 1 test flashcards

(69 cards)