Science Deck for the Third Trimester

Question 1

A soil conservation method in which farmland is plowed so that the plowed strips are separated by planted strips, reducing soil loss

Answer 1

Strip cropping

Question 2

A soil conservation method of plowing along the slope instead of across the slope

Answer 2

Contour farming

Question 3

A soil conservation method in which crops are planted on a series of terraced platforms built into the slope of a hill

Answer 3

Terracing

Question 4

A row of trees planted along the outer edges of a field as an aid to reducing erosion

Answer 4

Shelter belt (windbreak)

Question 5

The process by which soil and rock are worn away and transported by natural forces, such as wind, water, or ice

Answer 5

Erosion

Question 6

Substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus compounds that are essential for plant growth and development

Answer 6

Nutrients

Question 7

A farming practice that reduces soil disturbance by minimizing or elimination plowing or tilling, which help protect soil from erosion

Answer 7

Conservation tillage

Question 8

The capture and long-term storage of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere often in soil or vegetation to mitigate the events of climate change

Answer 8

Carbon sequesteration

Question 9

The top layer of soil composed of dead layers and grass

Answer 9

Litter

Question 10

The layer below the litter composed of rock fragments, nutrients, water, air, planet matter, and animal waste

Answer 10

Topsoil

Question 11

The rock that makes up the Earth’s crust

Answer 11

Bedrock

Question 12

The layer below the top soil that does not contain much animal and plant matter, but still contains air, water, and rock fragments

Answer 12

Subsoil

Question 13

The process of soil becoming less fertile and rich in nutrients

Answer 13

Nutrient depletion

Question 14

Land left unplanted with crops

Answer 14

Fallow

Question 15

What are three ways that people use land?

Answer 15

agriculture, development, and mining

Question 16

What can poor topsoil management cause

Answer 16

It can cause erosion, nutrient depletion, and desertification

Question 17

What can strip mining do to the soil?

Answer 17

It deducts the minerals and leaves the soil exposed, making it subject to erosion

Question 18

Why is topsoil so important?

Answer 18

It takes a long time to form, making it critical to protect Earth’s soil

Question 19

What is the development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient

Answer 19

Permaculture

Question 20

What is the planting of different crops in a field each year?

Answer 20

Crop rotation

Question 21

what is the desert like advances in an area that was fertile prior

Answer 21

desertification

Question 22

what is the process of restoring land to a more natural state

Answer 22

Land reclamation

Question 23

What are some factors that can affect biodiversity?

Answer 23

Area, climate, and a variety of niches

Question 24

What makes an ecosystem have economic value?

Answer 24

Tourism, raw materials, food, and oxygen

Question 25

Plants that are grown primarily to benefit the soil & future crops

Answer 25

Cover crops

Question 26

A farming approach that aims to reverse climate change by restoring degraded soils and enhancing biodiversity

Answer 26

Regenerative agriculture

Question 27

An approach to livestock management that prioritizes soil health and ecological restoration

Answer 27

Regenerative ranching

Question 28

The structures in an organisms cells that carry its hereditary information

Answer 28

Genes

Question 29

The disappearance of all members of a species on earth

Answer 29

Extinction

Question 30

Species that are at risk of extinction in the near future

Answer 30

Endangered species

Question 31

Species that could be at risk of extinction in the near future

Answer 31

Threatened species

Question 32

The loss of a natural habitat

Answer 32

Habitat destruction

Question 33

Breaking larger habitats into smaller, isolated pieces

Answer 33

Habitat fragmentation

Question 34

The process of extracting minerals by removing the earth's surface to access deposits

Answer 34

Surface mining

Question 35

Excavating mineral deposits near the Earth's surface, in large, open, pits

Answer 35

Open pit mining

Question 36

Waste material left over from mining operations extract valuable minerals from ore

Answer 36

Tailings

Question 37

Removing sediment, debris, and other materials from the bottom of a water body to clean it, or to recover valuable materials

Answer 37

Dredging

Question 38

The process of heat and a reducing agent is used to separate a metal from its ore

Answer 38

smelting

Question 39

The process of a series of chemical reaction separating metals and compounds from their ores by absorbing specific minerals

Answer 39

Heap leaching

Question 40

Water used in homes

Answer 40

Residential water use

Question 41

Water used by an industry

Answer 41

Industrial water use

Question 42

What is industrial water used for?

Answer 42

transporting goods, disposal, power supply, and cooling

Question 43

Water used for farming

Answer 43

Agricultural use

Question 44

The process of bringing water to an area for use in growing crops

Answer 44

Irrigation

Question 45

What are the three types of irrigation?

Answer 45

Flood (flooding of flatland) Furrow (Flooding between burrows,ditches, dug between rows of crops) Overhead (sprinkler systems)

Question 46

Water above the zone of discharge

Answer 46

Surface water

Question 47

Water within porous or jointed bedrock

Answer 47

Groundwater

Question 48

Water that does not seem into the ground, but instead flows down a slope over land

Answer 48

Runoff

Question 49

An underground layer of porous rock that contains water

Answer 49

Aquifer

Question 50

The process in which a body of water is drained faster than it is used

Answer 50

Overdraft

Question 51

When saltwater from the ocean interrupts into aquifers because overdraft has occured

Answer 51

Saltwater intrusion

Question 52

A process in which land sinks, due either to weight of sediments or the extraction of subsurface water

Answer 52

Subsidence

Question 53

What causes overdraft?

Answer 53

The unnecessary collection of excessive freshwater resources

Question 54

The accumulated suspended solids of sewage deposited in tanks or basins

Answer 54

Sludge

Question 55

Largely the water supply of a community after it has been fouled by various uses. From the standpoint, of course, it may be a combination of the liquid or water - carried wastes from residences, business buildings, and institutions

Answer 55

Sewage

Question 56

The process or method of bringing about intimate contact between air and a liquid

Answer 56

Aeration

Question 57

Water fit for human consumption

Answer 57

Potable water

Question 58

Heavy, organic matter, such as sand or pebbles

Answer 58

Grit

Question 59

A wastewater treatment unit designed to remove grit from wastewater

Answer 59

Grit tanks

Question 60

A layer of dirt or froth on the surface of a liquid

Answer 60

Scum

Question 61

The biochemical decomposition of organic matter that results in the formation of mineral and simpler organic compounds

Answer 61

Digestion

Question 62

Gaseous fuel produced by the fermentation of organic matter

Answer 62

Biogas

Question 63

Mechanical separation of solids, grease, and scum from wastewater

Answer 63

Primary treatment

Question 64

A biological process that uses microorganisms to break down organic matter and pollutants in wastewater

Answer 64

Secondary treatment

Question 65

The final stage of wastewater treatment that refines wastewater to remove pollutants and pathogens

Answer 65

Tertiary treatment

Question 66

Wastewater that flows into a treatment plant

Answer 66

Innfluent

Question 67

Wastewater that flows out of a treatment plant

Answer 67

Effluent

Question 68

The process of removing salt from water

Answer 68

Desalinitation

Question 69

Why is tap water not safe to drink in China?

Answer 69

Because the system there do not have proper safety checks &/or filtration.

Question 70

The process of straining saltwater, resulting in letting fresh water pass through

Answer 70

Reverse osmosis

Question 71

Parasites, bacteria, and viruses that cause diseases in living things

Answer 71

Pathogens

Question 72

The 6 types of water pollutants

Answer 72

Agriculture, sewage treatment plants, industry, urban runoff, mining runoff, construction runoff

Question 73

A metallic element with a high mass number

Answer 73

Heavy metal

Question 74

Harmful chemicals that contain carbon

Answer 74

Organic chemicals

Question 75

The process by which lakes and ponds are changed by excess plant nutrients

Answer 75

Eutrophication

Question 76

How are organic chemicals different from inorganic chemicals?

Answer 76

They are both incredibly toxic, however, organic chemicals contain carbon and inorganic chemicals do not.

Question 77

A large increase in water temperatures caused by human activity

Answer 77

Thermal pollution

Question 78

Where does thermal pollution come from?

Answer 78

Thermal pollution comes from heat from power plants and other industrial facilities and it is discharged nearby in water bodies

Question 79

What are 4 examples of how thermal pollution affects ecosystems

Answer 79

1. The increase of the body temperature of fish 2. Increases metabolism, thus increasing respiration rate, and amount of oxygen needed for fish 3. The amount of oxygen the water can hold is reduced due to the increase in water temperature 4. The temperature is destructive to developing eggs and young fish

Question 80

Why do nuclear power plants produce a lot of radioactive water?

Answer 80

Because nuclear plants discharge a lot of waste, that flows into bodies of water

Question 81

What has been done to control water pollution at a federal level?

Answer 81

1899 - Rivers and Harbors Act (U.S. Army is responsible for protecting navigable waters) 1974 - Safe Drinking Water (Established minimum safety standards for community water supply)

Question 82

Tiny solids suspended in the atmosphere than can pollute the air

Answer 82

Particulates

Question 83

Harmful chemicals that have entered the environment

Answer 83

Pollution

Question 84

Compounds of oxygen or other elements

Answer 84

Oxides

Question 85

A yellow-brown haze formed when sunlight reacts with pollutants produced by cars

Answer 85

Photochemical smog

Question 86

A colorless, odorless, radioactive gas

Answer 86

Radon

Question 87

Acid precipitation (acid rain/acid snow)

Answer 87

Rain or snow that is more acidic than normal precipitation

Question 88

A corrosive, poisonous, gas at the surface of Earth

Answer 88

Ozone

Question 89

What is the damage that may occur because of the thinning of the ozone layer?

Answer 89

It could increase the amount of UV rays emitted to Earth, causing skin problems, blindness, crop damage, and microorganism destruction

Question 90

What is the main cause of ozone layer depletion?

Answer 90

Chlorofluorocarbons