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Science Final Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of matter

A

the stuff that makes up both living and nonliving things

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2
Q

definition of mass

A

something with no definite shape

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3
Q

definition of volume

A

anything that takes up space

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4
Q

definiton of weight

A

gravatational pull on mass

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5
Q

definition of density

A

the amount of mass in a specific obeject

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6
Q

what is the formula for density

A

d=m/v

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7
Q

what is the formula for volume

A

l⋅w⋅h

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8
Q

what are the 4 phases of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

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9
Q

what is molecular activity

A

the movement/action of a molecule

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10
Q

what is molecular distance

A

the distance between molecules

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11
Q

what is molecular attraction

A

attraction between molecules

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12
Q

how does molecular distance effect molecular activity and attraction

A

the farther molecules are from each other, they will move faster and attraction will be higher

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13
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

energy that an object already has

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14
Q

what is potential energy

A

energy that an object will eventally have energy (ex. wood + fire)

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15
Q

what happens to kinetic energy during a state change

A

it stays the same but potential energy changes

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16
Q

what is gravity

A

a force of attraction

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17
Q

what are the 6 processes that allow matter to change state

A

melting, freezing, sublimation, depostition, condensation, vaporization

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18
Q

what is vaporization

A

liquid or solid into a gas

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19
Q

what is evaporation

A

liquid into a gas

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20
Q

what is boiling

A

when a liquid is heated to its boiling point

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21
Q

how to find volume through displacement

A

water with object - water without

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22
Q

why do liquids flow

A

because the space between molecules is large, and molecular attraction is small.

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23
Q

why do gases change their shape and volume

A

because there is a lot of space between molecules

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24
Q

what happens to molecular activity when you add heat

A

molecules move faster

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25
what is an ionic bond
a loss or gain of electrons
26
what is a covelent bond
the sharing of electrons
27
which element controls a bond
the nonmetal
28
what is atomic radius
the distance from the nucleus to the valence shell
29
how to name an ionic compound
metal or nonmetal
30
how do you name a metal
gain ions, loose electrons, groups 1,2,3, more than 4 valence electrons
31
how do you name a nonmetal
looses ions, gains electrons, groups 5,6,7, less than 4 valence electrons
32
when does and ionic bond form
when electrons are lost or gained
33
when does an covelant bond form
when electrons are shared
34
what is the charge on a nucleus
positive
35
what is the charge on energy shells
negative
36
why do electrons stay on the energy shell
because of the attractive force
37
how does atomic radius affect bonding
the more atoms, the more shells which creates a wider distance between the valence shell and nucleus
38
why do ions form in ionic bonds
because of the opposite charges on the ions
39
what are the diatomic molcules
flourine, bromine, chlorine, iodine, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
40
what are the 4 reactions
synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement
41
what is the formula for synthesis
A + B -> AB
42
what is the formula for decompostion
AB -> A + B
43
what is the formula for single replacement
AB + C -> AC + B
44
what is the formula for double replacement
AB + CD -> AD + CB
45
what is endothermic
spontaneous, energy of products is greater than energy of reactants
46
what is exothermic
nonspontaneous, energy of products is less than energy of reactants
47
how do you calculate heat of reaction
heat of reaction = product + reactant
48
how to calculate energy of the activated complex
activated complex - reactant
49
what are 4 factors that affect rate of reaction
reactant concentration, surface area, temperature, catalysts
50
how does an inhibitor affect a reaction
increases activation energy, takes more energy to take place
51
how does a catalyst affect a reaction
speeds up a reaction, gives more energy to system, lowers activation energy
52
what is the importance of activated complex
it changes a reactant to a product
53
what does a posting heat of reaction mean
joules are taken in from the environment
54
what is polarity
uneven charge distribution on a covalent
55
why is water polar
because it is asymmetrical
56
what does nonpolar mean
even charge distribution, symmetric, atoms are the same
57
what is an element
a pure substance that homogeneous throughout only one kind of matter present
58
what is a compound
two or more atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio
59
what is a mixture
physical, no bonds breaking
60
what are the different types of solutions
suspensions, colloids
61
what is a solute
what is being dissolved
62
what is a solvent
what is doing the dissolving
63
how does solubility change with temperature
decreasing temperature decreases solubility of a solute
64
name one example of a suspension
possible answers: oil + vinegar, chocolate milk, sand + water
65
name one example of a colloid
possible answers: mayo, whipped cream
66
what are the 4 ways to change solubility of a solute
temperature, pressure, molecular size, polarity
67
what makes a solution concentrated
it has a large amount of solute dissolved
68
how do you calculate molarity
molecular mass/1 liter of solvent
69
what is a suspension
when solute is suspended in solvent for a period of time
70
what is a colloid
a kind of suspension where the solute is held in the solvent for and extended time period

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