science final pt. 2 - biology

Question 1

what does dna stand for

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

where is dna located

Answer 2

the nucleus

Question 3

dna structure

Answer 3

double helix

Question 4

backbone of the DNA structure

Answer 4

sugar phosphate

Question 5

steps of the DNA

Answer 5

nitrogen bases

Question 6

what bases pair with which

Answer 6

AT CG

Question 7

what is a nucleotide?

Answer 7

sugar-phosphate-base

Question 8

what is a chromatin

Answer 8

a mixture of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes

Question 9

what are chromosomes

Answer 9

a structure made up of protein and DNA organized into genes, they also identify the gender of your offspring

Question 10

when do chromosomes take on their distinct shape

Answer 10

metaphase

Question 11

what are the centres of chromosomes called

Answer 11

centromeres

Question 12

how many do most CELLS of the human body have

Answer 12

avg. 30 trillion

Question 13

how many chromosomes do most people have

Answer 13

46, 23 pairs

Question 14

which pair is the sex identification pair?

Answer 14

23rd pair, XX girl, XY boy

Question 15

what are genes?

Answer 15

genes are small segments of DNA short for genetics, that contain our DNA from our parents that control how we act, look, and even do

Question 16

when does our body use mitosis

Answer 16

when your body needs to make more cells, because it is essential for growth and development

Question 17

stages od the cell cycle

Answer 17

interphase, PMAT, cytokinesis

Question 18

mitosis

Answer 18

the separation of 1 parent cell, to 2 identical daughter cells

Question 19

cytokinesis

Answer 19

the separating of the cytoplasm

Question 20

is starting cell mitosis haploid or diploid?

Answer 20

diploid

Question 21

what is cancer

Answer 21

a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues

Question 22

what does cancer typically result from

Answer 22

uncontrollable cell devision

Question 23

characteristics of cancer cells

Answer 23

• divide out of control
• don’t develop into mature cells with specific jobs
• ignore signals that tell them to stop dividing

Question 24

what is a clone

Answer 24

organisms that are exact genetic copies

Question 25

meiosis chromosomes

Answer 25

dip[loid starting haploid ending

Question 26

what are gametes

Answer 26

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Question 27

name of gametes in animal cells

Answer 27

sperm and egg

Question 28

meiosis phases

Answer 28

mitosis but 2 times

Question 29

what are homologous chromosomes

Answer 29

pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes,

Question 30

what is crossing over

Answer 30

the process of changing alleles between homologous chromosomes

Question 31

what is independent assortment

Answer 31

how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

Question 32

meiosis II diploid or haploid

Answer 32

halpoid

Question 33

resulting 4 cells after meiosis

Answer 33

haploid

Question 34

methods of fertilization for sexual reproduction

Answer 34

external, internal, pollination, pollen transport

Question 35

what is pollination

Answer 35

is the transfer of pollen, production of seeds

Question 36

what is pollen transport

Answer 36

pollination