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Science Quarter 1 and 2 > Science finals > Flashcards

Science finals Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What types of energy are there?

A

Kinetic, potential, thermal, sound, electro-magnetic, electrical, nuclear, chemical

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2
Q

The five layers of the atmosphere in order top to bottom:

A

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Methosphere
Thermalsphere
Exosphere

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3
Q

How is igneous rock formed?

A

melting and cooling

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4
Q

What is a sea breeze

A

When the ocean has a lower temperature than the land and the land temperature goes over because it is higher, and the sea temperature goes under because it is lower, creating a breeze.

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5
Q

What is a land breeze?

A

When the land has a lower temperature than the ocean and the ocean has a higher temperature, the y create wind

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6
Q

What are the types of winds from closest to equator to closest to poles?

A

Trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies

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7
Q

What are the major factors that contribute to climate?

A

Elevation, Landforms, Prevailing winds, greenhouse gas, Albedos, sunlight, latitude, large bodies of water.

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8
Q

What is the law of conservation of matter?

A

The rule that matter is never lost nor gained

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9
Q

What is Pangea?

A

A super-continent made of all the continents all in one land.

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10
Q

What is evidence supporting Pangea?

A

The continents look like they could fit together, coresponding fossil patterns, moving tectonic plates

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11
Q

What is continental drift?

A

When continental plates drift apart

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12
Q

What is the law of superposition?

A

A law saying that the youngest rock layers are at the top

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13
Q

What is the geologic time scale?

A

The rock record plus all geolicical features and data discovered form them

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14
Q

What is a divergent boundary and what does it cause?

A

When two plates move away from each other. It causes volcanos.

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15
Q

What is a mid-ocean ridge?

A

At a divergent boundary when lava comes up, forming new sea floor while the divergent boundary continuously pulls it apart, forming a mid ocean ridge.

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16
Q

What is the Coriolis effect?

A

the curving of a path of water due to Earth’s rotating

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17
Q

What are the global winds?

A

Trade winds, polar easterlies, westerlies, doldrum, horse latitude

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18
Q

What is salinity?

A

the amount of salt in something

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19
Q

As salinity increases, does density increase or decrease?

A

increase

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20
Q

What affects deep ocean currents?

A

Density differences and gravity

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21
Q

Surface currents make weather cooler in winter and warmer in summer True/False?

A

False

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22
Q

When the temperature in water rises, water can gain thermal energy, this causes liquid water to change state from…

A

liquid to gas

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23
Q

What is absolute dating?

A

The actual age of something to the year

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24
Q

What does it mean if something is saturated?

A

It can’t hold any more water

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25
How do you form an igneous rock
melting and cooling
26
How does sediment stick to each other to create a sedimentary rock?
Water with certain minerals flows over the rocks, and after it dries, it leaves minerals in the water behind, forming a kind of glue keeping the rocks together.
27
What kind of rock is slitstone?
Sedimentary
28
What kind of rock is basalt?
Igneous
29
What scientist proposed the idea of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
30
Why do tectonic plates move
convection currents inside of earth
31
What is the lithosphere made of?
Rock
32
What boundaries are mountains formed at?
Convergent boundaries
33
What boundaries do volcanic islands form at?
Subvergent boundaries
34
What is an occluded front?
When a cold front catches up to a warm front and the warm front goes over it
35
What kind of weather is expected at an occluded front?
Varied levels of rain
36
What does sublimation mean?
The change from a solid to a gas
37
Transpiration
When plants release water into the air by gaining energy
38
Deposition
When something goes from a gas to a solid
39
4 Spheres
Atmosphere, Geosphere, hydrosphere, bio sphere
40
Example of geosphere turning into atmosphere
Fossil fuels are burned in cars as gas and put into the air
41
Example of the atmosphere changing to the hydrosphere
Water vapor condensing into a cloud and then raining
42
Example of biosphere to geosphere
dead animal bodies get buried and over time for coal
43
Jet stream
high altitude winds reaching up to 250 miles per hour
44
What is an ocean current
the streamlike movement of ocean water
45
What direction do surface currents normally move
East
46
How does the coriolis affect affect currents?
When something moves torwards the equator it moves slower than the ground beneath it making it move in a circular direction
47
What is a gyre
A circular current
48
How is a deep ocean current formed?
When a surface current moves towards the poles, it sinks and turns into a deep ocean current and then continues to move towards the equator
49
How does water change the Earth?
It gives life, it forms the surface of Earth, and causes weather
50
What is a runoff
Water flowing along the Earth's surface
51
What is infiltration?
When water soaks into the ground of the Earth
52
What is a streams discharge?
The amount of water moved by a stream
53
What is a stream channel?
The path water takes
54
What is the stream load
The amount of things other than water that a stream carries
55
What is the gradient of a stream?
The angle of a stream and the land its on (how steep it is)
56
What is relative dating?
The age of something in relation to something else
57
What is water shed?
Areas of land that filter water into bodies of water
58
What is an aquifer?
A body of rock that stores ground water
59
What is porosity?
The amount of space between particles through which liquid or air may pass
60
What is permeability?
How easily water soaks through something
61
What is a warm front?
when warm wet air rises over cold air mass.
62
What is a cold front?
When a cold air mass quickly moves under a warm air mass it brings heavy rains
63
How is a metamorphic rock formed?
Heat and pressure
64
What is a tiltmeter and how does it work?
It goes in land and senses if land expands based on its position. It can predict if a volcanoe will blow up
65
What is physical weathering?
The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces, changes the physical appearance but not the composition
66
What are the layers of Earth?
Core mantle crust
67
What is chemical weathering?
When a rock is broken down due to chemical reactions. The composition is changed
68
What is deposition?
When gas changes directly to a solid
69
What is abrasion?
The process of wearing something down or scraping it
70
How are earthquakes formed?
At transform boundaries
71
What is a rift valley?
When the Earth's crust is stretched
72
What is a linear sea?
When a rift valley widens and fills with water
73
What is an ocean basin?
When a linear sea keeps widening
74
What is deformation?
When a change happens in the shape of a mountain, usually through pressure
75
How are volcanoes formed?
Unless it is a hot spot, at divergent boundaries magma rises spewing out the top and forming mountains
76
How do volcanoes explode?
Pressure builds up, causing lava to flow up a volcano and out of it
77
What is the fossil column book?
Basically the rock record with fossils, a record of fossils and their data
78
A river flows into the ocean the density of ocean water:
Decreases Fresh water is less dense than ocean water

Science Quarter 1 and 2 (2 decks)

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