Science: Fluids Flashcards
Big Test (111 cards)
1
Q
Solids, Liquids and Gases are made up of ____________
A
Particles
2
Q
A _______ is made up of particles that are closely packed together
A
Solid
3
Q
Particles in a liquid are _______ _______
A
Farther apart
4
Q
A gas is made up of particles that are ____ ____
A
Far apart
5
Q
The _______ ________ explaines the differences in states of matter.
A
Particle theory
6
Q
What is a the hypothesis
A
The Guess
7
Q
What Is the independent variable
A
The variable you change
8
Q
What is a dependent variable
A
The variable getting measured or observed it DEPENDS on the independent variable
9
Q
What is the 5 steps of density
A
Given Information, Formula, Rounded properly, Units, Therefore statment
10
Q
Explain the difference between mass and volume.
A
Mass is the measure of how much matter there is in a substance whereas volume is the measure of how much space a substance takes up.
11
Q
Will objects with equal masses have equal volumes? Why or why not?
A
No objects with equal mass will not have the same volume this is because in one the particles might be closer together making the object denser. (+ example)
12
Q
Will objects with equal volumes have equal masses? Why or why not?
A
No because the particles might be closer together in one denser.
13
Q
What is density
A
The amount of mass in a given volume
14
Q
What is mass
A
The amount of particles in a substance/ object
15
Q
What is volume
A
The amount of space something takes up
16
Q
What is the density of water
A
1.0g/ml
17
Q
State the overall relationship between density and the three states of matter
A
In a gas the density is low because they are far apart , in a liquid the density is a little higher because the particles are closer and last but not least in a solid the density is high because the particles are close together.
18
Q
How does temperature will affect density.
A
If you heat up an object it will lower in density because it speeds up the particles making them further apart and lowering the amount of particles in a gram of the volume.
19
Q
As the temperature of a fluid increases its viscosity _________
A
Decreases
20
Q
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure on
A
the resistance it has to flowing
21
Q
If fluid A flows faster through a funnel than fluid B, which fluid is less viscous?
A
Fluid A
22
Q
If fluid C is thicker than fluid D, which fluid is less viscous?
A
Fluid D
23
Q
What factor might change the viscosity of a fluid? Why?
A
Heat heats up the particles making them go faster and farther apart making them have less attraction therefore less viscous
24
Q
A purple fluid flows 25 ml through a straw in 10 s. What is its flow rate in ml/s?
A
2.5 ml/s
24
An orange fluid flows 40 ml through the same straw in 5 s. What is its flow rate in ml/s?
8.0ml/s
25
What does a boat do in water
Displeases water
26
Does the weight of the water a boat displace equal the weight of the boat
yes
27
What determines whether clay floats in water why
Its shape. A boat shape will traping air bringing the over all density of the object to be lower
28
Who was the first guy to figure out how much space things take up when they sink
Archimedes
29
Who Owns the the school of scuba diving
Skip
30
What does Eureka mean
I found it
31
Who stars in buoyancy boy
Johnny Depth
32
Whats the name of bills song
Bills got boat
33
If something has negative buoyancy does it sink or float
sinks
34
What is the term that means Doesnt float or sink
Neutral Buoyancy
35
Is the air inside the hot air ballooon heavier or lighter than the air around it
lighter
36
Why does one liquid float on top of the other
Because it is less dense than the one below
37
A liquid has a mass of 450 and a volume of 500 what is the density
0.9
38
What is flowrate
The speed in which a fluid flows
39
A student is testing the flowrate of different engine oils down a sloping which one of these factors should be changed:
The tempeture of the oils
the type of oil
the material the ramp is made of
the angle of the slope
The type of oil
40
In which of the following situations would the viscosity of oil increase
As friction decreases
as its volume decreases
as its flow rate increases
as tempeture decreases
As tempeture decreases
41
What is the relationship between flow rate and the viscosity in a liquid :
Flow rate and viscocity are unrelated
If the viscosity of a liquid increases the flow rate will go faster
the lower the viscosity the faster the flow rate
the greater the viscosity the faster the flow rate of the liquid
The lower the viscosity the faster the flow rate
42
Suppose you have two samples of olive oil one sample is at 5 C and the other sample is at 15 C In which sample is the viscosity greater
The sample at 5C
the sample at 15C
both samples of olive oil have the same viscosity
there is not enough information given to answer this question
The sample at 5 C
43
True or False
Shampoo has a lower viscosity than water
False
44
It takes 10s for 100ml of a liquid to flow through a pipe what is the flow rate of the liquid
10 ml/s
45
how can you change the viscosity of a liquid without adding anything to it why
Heat it up particles move faster farther apart and have less attraction making them less viscous.
46
True or False A fluid is a material that can flow and that either has a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.
False
47
What happens to particles when you heat them up
They move faster and farther apart
48
What is the only way you can change the density of pure substance Explain
Heat or cool it ( Through temperature) Particles move faster and farther apart therefore have a lower density.
49
Which of the following is true :
warm water is denser than cold water
cold water will rise in warm water
warm water will float on cold water
cold water will float on warm water
Warm water will float on cold water
50
Why does a hot air balloon rise:
hot air is less viscous than cold air
hot air is less dense than cold air
hot air is more buoyant than cold air
hot air is heavier than cold air
Hot air is less dense than cold air
51
If you could magnify a droplet of water hundreds of thousands of times what might you see
Many identicle looking water particles with water between the particles
many identicle looking water particles with empty spaces between them
many water particles of different shapes and sizes with water between the particles
many water particles of different shapes and sizes with empty
Many identical looking water particles with empty spaces between them.
52
How are the steepness of a slope of a line in a Mass vs volume graph related to density
The steeper the slope the higher the density
53
How do you know if an object is less dense than water Explain how you know
An object is more dense than water when it sinks in it this is because there are not enough particles to hold it up
54
Write the three things miss Thomas is looking for when guessing the density of an object
It has a higher density than ____
It has a lower density than ____
There fore the density might be _______
55
An object floating means it has a ______ buoyancy
positive
56
An object sinking means it has a ______ buoyancy
Negative
57
An object that doesn't sink but doesn't float is ______ buoyant
Neutraly
58
All matter has ______-- and ________
Mass and volume
59
_________ describes how closley packed together the particles in a substance are
Density
60
A substance usually has a ______ density when it is a solid
Higher
61
True or false
When an objects density is greater than that of the density of the fluid it is placed in the object will usually sink.
True
62
True or False
To predict whether or not an object will float in a fluid all you need to know is the weight of the object
Flase
63
An object will rise to the top when :
The buoyant force on the object is less than the force of gravity on the object
the buoyant on the object is equal to the force of gravity of the object
the buoyant force on the object is greater than the force of gravity on the object
the buoyant force on the object is greater than the force of gravity on the object
64
True or False
solids have buoyant forces
False
65
Why does a beaker of hot water get denser when it is cooled
the particles move faster as they cool
the particles get hevier as they cool
the particles move closer together as they cool
after cooling there are more particles in the beaker
the particles move closer together as they cool
66
As density increses buoyancy ______
Increases
67
Explain how a dense substance such as metal is able to float in a less dense substance like water
If You shape the substance into a boat like shape it will trap air therefore changing the over all density to be lower and the substance will be less dense than water.
68
A student places a piece of plastic in a container of alcohol. The piece sinks to the bottom of the container Wich of the following statements about the plastic is most likley true
the plastic is denser than the alcohol
the alcohaol exerts no pressure on the plastic
the mass of the plastic is greater than the mass of the alcohol
the buoyant force on the plastic is greater than the weight of the plastic
the plastic is denser than the alcohol
69
Definition
Pressure
the amount of force applied to a given area.
70
What is atmospheric pressure
the weight of the atmosphere pushing down on us
71
what is earths atmosperique pressure
14.7 pounds per square inch
72
If a fluid is allowed to move, it will always go from an area of _______ pressure to an area of _______pressure .
Higher , Lowwer
73
Compressibility is
the ability of an object to be confined to a smaller volume than it previously occupied.
74
True or False
Liquids can be compressed easely
False
75
Solids transfer pressure in the direction of the force applied, whereas fluids transmit pressure in ______ ________
All directions
76
define fluid system
is a group of parts, including at least one fluid, that interact with each other and function together as a whole.
77
What is pascals law
When pressure is applied to a fluid in a closed container, the force is evenly distributed in all directions inside the surface area of the container.
78
define
Hydraulic systems
Hydraulic systems are confined systems that use a liquid under pressure to transmit a force
79
What are two benefits of hydrolic systems
Liquids can’t be compressed, so the applied force can be transmitted over a distance.
These systems can greatly multiply the force exerted by a liquid.
80
Define pneumatic Systems
are confined systems that use a gas, usually air, under pressure to transmit a force. In order for a gas to be put to work in a fluid system, it must first be compressed.
81
What are two advantages with pneumatic Systems
Compressed air is safe to use.
They usually cost less.
They are reliable over a large temperature range.
82
What are 3 differences between pneumatic and Hydrolic
Pneumaitic is more cheep than hydrolic
pneumatic is weaker than Hydrolic
Pneumatic is safer over tempeture changes than hydrolic
83
Give Three examples of a pneumatic system
Dentist drill
Jack hammer
Respetory system
84
Give three examples hydrolic systems
Jaws of life
Hoist
Crane
Circulatory
85
Explain why gases are easier to compress than liquids.
Gases are easier to compress because the particles in a gas are much farther apart than the particles in a liquid.
86
As you go deeper in a fluid, the pressure of the fluid ________
increases
87
A sealed container is cooled. The pressure of the fluid inside the container ______
Decreases
88
Suppose a dam developed a hole from which water started to leak out. Why would it be harder to stop the leak if the hole was near the bottom of the dam as compared to near the top?
The hole at the bottom would be harder to fix because there is more pressure there from the layers of water above it than a hole closer to the top and the water would be leaking out with more force.
89
On a cold winter day, you discover that the football you left outside is almost flat (low pressure).
How could you increase the pressure inside the ball without adding more air?
Explain why you think your solution will work.
Bring it inside in order to heat it up.
The football is sealed, so has not lost any particles. The particles have less energy because they are colder so they move slower and have gotten closer together, thus decreasing the pressure on the sides of the football. Once the football is heated up, the particles will move faster and farther apart, thus increasing the pressure inside the football to its original pressure.
90
Explain why liquids are more difficult to compress than gases.
Liquids are almost incompressible because their particles are already close together, whereas gas particles are much farther apart so have room to be squished together.
91
How is a force multiplied in a hydraulic system?
By having a larger output piston than input piston.
91
If the output piston in a car hoist was replaced by a piston twice the area, what would happen to the output force of the system?
The output force would double.
92
What is the purpose of a valve?
A valve controls the flow of a fluid in a system.
93
Suppose you used a needle to poke two holes in a sealed tube of toothpaste. One hole near the cap and one hole near the middle of the tube. You then squeeze the tube at the base. Compare how the toothpaste will leave each needle hole. Explain.
The toothpaste would leave both holes with the same amount of pressure because according to Pascal’s Law, when a force is applied to an enclosed fluid, the increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.
94
Why might a pump be needed in a hydraulic system?
A pump helps move the fluid through the system, ex. The heart in the circulatory system.
95
Suppose that oil in a hydraulic hoist is replaced by air. Would the hoist still operate as well?
No, because now you need to compress the air before the force will be transmitted through the fluid, thus using up some of your force.
96
What is the most common pollutant of water?
Oil is the most common pollutant of water.
97
Where does most oil pollution come from?
Most oil pollution comes from run-off and waste from large cities and industries (down the drain).
98
The extent of damage caused by an oil spill depends on what three factors?
The type of oil.
The location of the spill.
The size of the spill.
99
What happens if the oil coats the plants living on nearby shorelines?
The oil will block the sunlight and prevent photosynthesis, so the plants will die.
100
Explain two things that can happen if the oil coats the feathers and fur of birds and mammals?
Reduces the insulating ability of the feathers or fur and then the animal could die of hypothermia.
The animal is less buoyant so it takes more effort to stay afloat.
Oil on their feathers makes it hard to fly.
They can ingest the oil when they clean themselves, which causes kidney damage and digestion problems.
101
Define Booms
Floating fences that keep the oil from flowing away.
102
Define skimmers
Like large vacuum cleaners that suck up the oil.
103
Define sorbent
Are large sponge-like material that absorb the oil.
104
define Dispersants
Chemicals that break up the layer of oil into smaller pieces.
105
define burning
burning the top layer of oil on the water Bad for the air but can remove up to 90% of the spill.
106
define Bioremediation
Using living organisms such as bacteria or fungi to eat and digest (break down) the oil.
107
What is a slury
A mixture of water and solids
108
give three examples of a slurry
concrete , slushee, slush
109
What is plimsolls line
the line on ships that help show how much they can safely load on a ship based on the destination waters tempeture and salt amounts.
